Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

Nuclear wastes contain high nitrate concentration along with radionuclides like U (VI). Also, several reports suggest the presence of U (VI) and nitrate as co-contaminants in groundwater. The denitrifying bacteria consortia at MFC cathode produced phosphatase enzyme, which catalyzed the controlled release of phosphate from glycerol 3 phosphate. The inorganic phosphate combined with U (VI) resulting in insoluble uranyl phosphate. Ninety percent of initial U (VI) added in the biocathode could be recovered as Uranyl phosphate. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of uranyl phosphate precipitating at the cathode. Nitrate acted as an electron acceptor at the cathode, enabling completion of the MFC circuit and simultaneous nitrate and U (VI) removal. Since the process was performed in the MFC; the remediation was accompanied by power output. The power density of 2.91 Wm−3 and nitrate removal rate of 0.130 kg NO3−-N m−3 d−1 was achieved. The 16S rDNA based community analysis revealed a high abundance of Pseudomonas species in biocathode. This study demonstrates the applicability of MFC for simultaneous nitrate and U (VI) removal while producing electrical energy. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

World University root node

Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering

Chemical Engineering Journal

Microbial fuel cell for simultaneous removal of uranium (VI) and nitrate

A four port dipole antenna array at sub-6 GHz band (3400-3600 MHz) for mobile phone application with enhanced coverage efficiency is presented in this paper. Here a method for characterizing multiple dipole antenna in a cellular handset has been introduced. Coverage efficiency is studied for the antenna topology for its performance analysis. The array consists of four antennas placed along the four edges of the substrate. The dipole antennas placed at the oppositely faced edges are similar in dimension i.e. antenna 1 3 and antenna 2 4 are of same dimension and thus the antenna in opposite locations radiate in same manner. A common ground plane is used at the center of the substrate to isolate the antennas and also reduces mutual coupling between the antennas. The ground plane also helps in increasing the gain of the antenna. The dipole antennas 1 and 3 exhibit a fractional bandwidth of 8.47% and gain of 3.8 dBi providing vertical polarization and the dipole antennas 2 and 4 exhibit a fractional bandwidth of 6.2% and gain of 6.1 dBi providing horizontal polarization. Thereby the proposed array covers most part of the azimuthal plane. This antenna system may find its application in 5G MIMO systems particularly in smartphone applications at sub-6 GHz band. © 2020 Indian Radio Science Society.

2020 URSI Regional Conference on Radio Science, URSI-RCRS 2020 - Proceedings

Design of Printed Dipole Antenna for Enhanced Coverage Efficiency

In this Letter, a novel compact slot antenna has been realised using substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) cavity. SICL technology helps to achieve cavity size of 0.41λ0 × 0.48λ0 while maintaining its inherent advantage of self shielded and low loss transmission line at millimetre frequencies. A SICL cavity is designed by shorting the middle conductor at the two edges and keeping the other two edges separated from the sidewall. The eigenmode analysis affirms the presence of a dominant TEM mode at 28 GHz along with the presence of SICL even and odd modes. A half wavelength diagonal slot is etched on the bottom plate of the cavity to disturb the TEM mode surface current at 28 GHz. Measurement results show the SICL cavity backed slot antenna exhibits a gain of 5.6 dBi at 28.6 GHz and high front-to-back ratio better than 17 dB. The SICL-based cavity exhibits millimetre wave resonance with much smaller size, which helps to improve the compactness of the design. The proposed antenna can be used for millimetre wave applications like handheld mobile devices at millimetre-wave frequencies. © 2020 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

Fulltext

Electronics Letters

Slot antenna excited by novel substrate integrated coaxial line cavity for millimetre wave application

FDSOI devices are prominently used in low power circuits and high frequency domains due to their superior RF and analog performance, thanks to back-bias capability and relatively ease of transistor design over FinFETs and planar bulk transistors. BSIM-IMG is the industry standard compact model for simulating FDSOI devices. In this work, we will discuss recent enhancements made in the BSIM-IMG model for accurate modeling of the FDSOI transistors. The back gate inversion is more physically modeled in the latest BSIM-IMG model. We will present a new 1/f noise model, which is validated with the experimental data. Improved output conductance, mobility and gate current models are also discussed. All the enhancements are done in such a way that benchmark RF figure of merit are met. © 2020 IEEE.

4th Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2020 - Proceedings

BSIM-IMG: Advanced Model for FDSOI Transistors with Back Channel Inversion

Nanosheet gate-all-around transistors are analyzed for RF applications using calibrated TCAD simulations. The effects of stack spacing and number of stacks on device performance are studied and a substack design for improved RF performance is proposed. The novel substack design can improve cut-off frequency ( ${F}_{{t}}$ ) by 10% and minimum number of substacks and minimum substack spacing should be used. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

Design Optimization Techniques in Nanosheet Transistor for RF Applications

The second order ripples are reflected at the input terminals of the inverters during dc-ac conversion. This leads to oscillations in current and voltages at twice the ac supply frequency. The oscillations are more dominant in dc to single phase ac conversions. The second order ripple current propagates to the source and leads to failure of heating issues. A dual loop control with inverted notch inductor current feedback based impedance control methodology is proposed to increase the impedance in series with the inductor, virtually. This leads to significant reduction in ripple currents propagating through the buck-boost converter to the source. This however leads to the degradation of dynamics. An integral sliding mode control is proposed to improve the dynamic performance and also mitigate uncertainties. As a result the objective of achieving variable ac voltage without ripple propagation to the source, without adding any extra component is fulfilled. The proposed control is verified through simulations and experiments on a buck-boost feeding a single phase ac load. © 2020 IEEE.

2020 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, IAS 2020

Virtual Impedance based Second Order Ripple Control for Non-Inverting Buck-boost Converter

In this article, the modular three-phase ac-dc converter using single-phase isolated Ćuk rectifier modules for charging of electric vehicles is discussed. The converters are designed and analyzed for the continuous conduction mode (CCM). This article is based on a new concept of adaptive sliding-mode-based loss-free resistor (ASLFR). ASLFR is a control scheme, which allows dual aim of power factor correction along with tight voltage regulation; hence, the adopted topology serves as a fitting single-stage solution for balanced three-phase systems. Complete theory is developed for the application, and the effectiveness of the scheme is well-established. Various studies to confirm the robustness of the system to any load and line variation are carried out. Moreover, a qualitative analysis is also made to show the expediency of the proposed ASLFR. Simulation as well as experimental studies are claimed theoretically. © 2020 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification

Emulation of Loss Free Resistor for Single-Stage Three-Phase PFC Converter in Electric Vehicle Charging Application

Body joint monitoring is essential for disorder diagnosis and assessment of treatment effectiveness. Microsoft Kinect v2 is a low-cost and markerless human motion-tracking RGB-D sensor that provides spatial locations of tracked skeletal joints in the form of 3D coordinates. Sometimes, body tracking of kinect v2 produces erratic 3D coordinates, which affects the real-time tracking performance of the sensor. A careful study of the literature suggests that skeletal tracking of kinect v2 needs further exploration. This work proposes a filter combined with the concept of body kinematics to remove noise and enhances the quality of 3D coordinates in body frame data. Also, it generates 'Motion Signature' of the tracked joint, which shows movement pattern for kinematic analysis, and helpful in joint monitoring of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD). The clinically relevant anatomical movement was executed, to evaluate the performance of the proposed filter. We compared Range of Motion (RoM) values obtained from the proposed filter with the gold standard goniometry. Results indicate that RoM values from the proposed filter are in high correlation with the goniometry with an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient values ranging between 0.95 to 0.98 authenticating that it improves the skeletal joint tracking of kinect v2. © 2020 IEEE.

Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS

Kinect v2 tracked Body Joint Smoothing for Kinematic Analysis in Musculoskeletal Disorders

The increasing importance of skeleton information in surveillance big data feature analysis demands significant storage space. The development of an effective and efficient solution for storage is still a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a new framework for the lossless compression of skeleton sequences by exploiting both spatial and temporal prediction and coding redundancies. Firstly, we propose a set of skeleton prediction modes, namely, spatial differential-based, motion vector-based, relative motion vector-based, and trajectory-based skeleton prediction mode. These modes can effectively handle both spatial and temporal redundancies present in the skeleton sequences. Secondly, we further enhance performance by introducing a novel approach to handle coding redundancy. Our proposed scheme is able to significantly reduce the size of skeleton data while maintaining exactly the same skeleton quality due to lossless compression approach. Experiments are conducted on standard surveillance and Posetrack action datasets containing challenging test skeleton sequences. Our method obviously outperforms the traditional direct coding methods by providing an average of 73% and 66% bit-savings on the two datasets. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

Signal Processing: Image Communication

Adaptive lossless compression of skeleton sequences

The huge amount of data in surveillance video coding demands high compression rates with lower computational requirements for efficient storage and archival. The motion estimation is a very time-consuming process in the traditional video coding framework, and hence reducing computational complexity is a pressing task, especially for surveillance videos. The presence of significant background proportion in surveillance videos makes its special case for coding. The existing surveillance video coding methods propose separate search mechanisms for background and foreground regions. However, they still suffer from misclassification and inefficient search strategies since it does not consider the inherent motion characteristics of the foreground regions. In this paper, a background-foreground-boundary aware block matching algorithm is proposed to exploit special characteristics of the surveillance videos. A novel three-step framework is proposed for boundary aware block matching process. For this, firstly, the blocks are categorized into three classes, namely, background, foreground, and boundary blocks. Secondly, the motion search is performed by employing different search strategies for each class. The zero-motion vector-based search is employed for background blocks. Whereas, to exploit fast and directional motion characteristics of the boundary and foreground blocks, the eight rotating uni-wing diamond search patterns are proposed. Thirdly, the speed-up is achieved through the novel region-based sub-sampled structure. The experimental results demonstrate that two to four times speed-up over existing methods can be achieved through this scheme while maintaining better matching accuracy. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.