Department of Electrical Engineering

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In order to study the effect of self-heating of AlGaN/ GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) characteristics fabricated on Si(111) substrate, simulations of 2DEG temperature on different drain voltages have been carried out by Sentaurus TCAD simulator tool. Prior to the electrical direct-current (DC) characteristics studies, structural properties of the HEMT structures were examined by scanning transmission electron microscopy. The comparative analysis of simulation and experimental data provided sheet carrier concentration, mobility, surface traps, electron density at 2DEG by considering factors such as high field saturation, tunneling and recombination models. Mobility, surface trap concentration and contact resistance were obtained by TCAD simulation and found out to be ∼1270cm2/Vs, ∼2×1013 cm-2 and ∼0.2 Ω.mm, respectively, which are in agreement with the experimental results. Consequently, simulated current-voltage characteristics of HEMTs are in good agreement with experimental results. The present simulator tool can be used to design new device structures for III-nitride technology. © 2017 Author(s).

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AIP Advances

Effect of self-heating on electrical characteristics of AlGaN/ GaN HEMT on Si (111) substrate

A low latency and a low power comparator is presented in this paper. The concept of current aiding at the output nodes of SR latch is proposed to enhance the switching speed of the comparator. The current flowing through the output nodes of regenerative latch is sensed and the amplified difference of these two currents is applied to the output nodes of SR latch. The circuit is designed and simulated in UMC 180 nm CMOS technology. Circuit consumes total power of 4.289 μW while operating at the clock frequency of 20 MHz. Measurement results proved that the designed comparator requires maximum of three clock cycles to perform switching for the input range 250-850 mV. © 2016 IEEE.

Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems

A low power low latency comparator for ramp ADC in CMOS imagers

Biosensors offer wide opportunities for threat agent analysis, but practical analytical systems require these sensors to be integrated with pre- and post analytical steps to enable simplified, seamless operation. Perhaps the most important of these steps relates to sample handling and presentation. Advances in microfluidics now offer a realistic means for simplified, practical handling with the facility for compressing existing analytical platforms in biosensing. Small volume handling can not only allow for miniaturisation, but flow at this scale enables a different type of flow profile and the a facility for direct liquid-liquid exchange. Basic flow principles in microflow are presented followed by a description of aqueous/organic flows and how they cab be used both for solute partitioning and in situ membrane formation. The potential value of miniaturised separation membranes is described, including for sample cleanup, handling and biosensor protection. Finally, examples of sensor integration into microfluidic structures are given as pointer towards future developments. Overall, the chapter seeks to rebalance the traditional emphasis on biosensor design by highlighting the importance of controlled sample presentation as a potential route to low maintenance biosensors with improved response characteristics. © 2016, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.

Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications

Microfluidics a potent route to sample delivery for non-intrusive sensors

Wind energy is becoming more important in recent years due to its contribution to the independence of power generation industry from traditional fossil energy resources and availability of continuous harvest-able potential on earth approximately around 106MW. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of grid interfaced wind power generation systems. This is intended to provide a wide spectrum on the status of wind profile, wind potential estimation, configuration/design of wind energy conversion systems, wind generators, power converter topologies used for grid integration of wind power, energy storage systems for wind power applications, power smoothing methods, HVDC links used for wind integration, international grid codes and maximum power point tracking methods to the researchers, designers, manufacturers, and engineers working on the grid interfaced wind power generation. More than 200 research publications on the topic of grid interfaced wind power generation systems have been critically examined, classified and listed for quick reference. This review is ready-reckoner of essential topics for grid integration of wind energy and available technologies in this field. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Comprehensive overview of grid interfaced wind energy generation systems

As imaging is a process of 2D projection of a 3D scene, the depth information is lost at the time of image capture from conventional camera. This depth information can be inferred back from a set of visual cues present in the image. In this work, we present a model that combines two monocular depth cues namely Texture and Defocus. Depth is related to the spatial extent of the defocus blur by assuming that more an object is blurred, the farther it is from the camera. At first, we estimate the amount of defocus blur present at edge pixels of an image. This is referred as the Sparse Defocus map. Using the sparse defocus map we generate the full defocus map. However such defocus maps always contain hole regions and ambiguity in depth. To handle this problem an additional depth cue, in our case texture has been integrated to generate better defocus map. This integration mainly focuses on modifying the erroneous regions in defocus map by using the texture energy present at that region. The sparse defocus map is corrected using texture based rules. The hole regions, where there are no significant edges and texture are detected and corrected in sparse defocus map. We have used region wise propagation for better defocus map generation. The accuracy of full defocus map is increased with the region wise propagation. © 2015 IEEE.

2015 5th National Conference on Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition, Image Processing and Graphics, NCVPRIPG 2015

Depth estimation from single image using Defocus and Texture cues

In this paper, we study the problem of a formation of agents trying to achieve a desired stationary or moving collective centroid. The agents are assumed to be moving in a force field which is controlled externally. The stabilization of the collective centroid to a fixed desired location results in a balanced formation of the agents about that point. Similarly, the centroid of the system of agents may be required to move along a certain given trajectory. For this, the centroid of the formation must converge to the desired trajectory. To solve this problem, we propose an all-to-all coupled planar motion model that explicitly incorporates an additional control pertaining to the external force field. Simulation results are presented to support the theoretical findings. © 2016 IEEE.

2016 Indian Control Conference, ICC 2016 - Proceedings

Achieving a desired collective centroid by a formation of agents moving in a controllable force field

We have developed a novel method for image abstraction which preserves more details present in the salient regions and removes details present in the non-salient regions from the given image of a natural scene. We define a region to be salient based on the saliency measure estimated in the region. We propose to preserve details in salient regions by dividing them into smaller groups of pixels and remove details from non-salient regions by dividing them in larger group of pixels. We achieve this kind of grouping by guiding an over-segmentation algorithm with spatially varying block size depending on the saliency measure. The adaptive image abstraction goal is finally achieved using a novel brush called point spread brush which is used to reproduce the action of brush with a varying spatial spread. © 2015 IEEE.

Saliency guided adaptive image abstraction

Compromising databases of servers of a login system result in successful theft of login credentials. Storage of these credentials as part of the authentication system makes a login system vulnerable for the theft. Various types of malicious activities have led in revealing this pair of information which attack on the stored database. We propose a novel concept for login systems which does not store such credentials in the database. The credentials are generated and verified algorithmically. It is also ensured that the generated credentials are human friendly for uses. © 2016 ACM.

ACM International Conference Proceeding Series

Storageless credentials and secure login

Point-of-care and low cost microfluidics platforms has found an accelerated research focus. One of the essential elements of microfluidics is driving liquid flow in microchannels. Device discussed gives a way to pump liquid passively through a microchannel. The present work represents fiber and paper based passive micro-pumping of liquids through microfluidic devices. The porous structure and network of capillaries inside the paper and fiber materials support spontaneous liquid movement. Agarose gel coating is used with paper in order to achieve variations flow rates. The effect of gel concentration on liquid flow is studied. The concept can be used ubiquitously for microfluidics device application for its low-cost and is feasible to integrate with devices for low resource settings.

CEUR Workshop Proceedings

Fabrication and characterization of passive micropump for microfluidics based devices

In this chapter, an overview of photovoltaic (PV) technology is presented. Semiconductors form the basis of a PV cell. Starting from an introduction of semiconductor physics, detailed modeling and operational characteristics of PV system are provided. To extract the maximum power from a PV system, various maximum power point tracking algorithms need to be implemented. A few of such algorithms are discussed in brief. Shading, either full or partial, affects the operation of a PV system to a large extent. The impact of shading and mitigation techniques is described in this work. Major emphasis is given to control of PV systems. Different modes of operation and philosophies of control of a PV system are also discussed. Operation below the maximum power and power sharing concepts in a microgrid are discussed at the end. The theory is described by numerical and graphical examples throughout the chapter. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.