Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

Dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) doped polyaniline (PANI-DBSA) / multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposites (PANI-DBSA/MWCNT) based gas sensor is prepared and characterized for ammonia gas, prolonged exposure of which results in many potential health hazards such as rapid skin irritation, olfactory fatigue, cellular destruction and tissue necrosis. Highly conducting dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) doped polyaniline (PANI-DBSA) / multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposites were prepared by in-situ polymerization process. FESEM, TEM, XRD, and UV-visible measurements confirmed the formations of PANI-DBSA/MWCNT nanocomposites. Experimentally it is observed that thin film of PANI-DBSA/3wt.%MWCNT nanocomposites synthesized by indirect doping route provides better ammonia gas sensing response (2.65 at 100 PPM) as compared to thin film of nanostructured PANI-DBSA (1.25 at 100 PPM). The cross-selectivity results revealed that the developed sensor is highly selective to ammonia gas as compared to other gases. © 2019 IEEE.

World University root node

2019 IEEE 16th India Council International Conference, INDICON 2019 - Symposium Proceedings

Synthesis and characterization of PANI-DBSA/MWCNT nanocomposites for ammonia gas sensing

In the present paper, a wavelet transform based alienation technique has been presented for the detection of islanding condition in a distribution system incorporate with distributed generations. A radial five bus system integrated with four doubly fed induction wind generators (DFIG) has been considered for the study. The voltage signals at various DG buses were decomposed with Daubechies wavelet transform to get approximation coefficients. The alienation coefficients of these approximate decompositions were termed as Islanding indexes. These indexes were compared with a predetermined threshold to detect Islanding condition. The same threshold value was utilized to discriminate a transient associated with sudden changes with load. The suggested algorithm was established by a few case studies involving changes in incidence angle and load. Thus, the proposed algorithm is found to be successful for Islanding detection. © BEIESP.

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology

Detection of islanding in wind farm distributed generation of distribution system using wavelet based alienation technique

This paper presents an efficient and generic method for analysis of power supply induced jitter (PSIJ) in a chain of CMOS inverters as well as tapered buffers due to multiple deterministic noise sources. Generalised semi-analytical relations between noise and PSIJ are developed using Thomas algorithm. The proposed analysis can be used for both cases of same size of inverters as well as tapered buffers, and also for considering the effect of on-chip and off-chip interconnects. The validity and the efficiency of the proposed modeling is demonstrated for various applications of chain of inverters such as buffers in clock distribution, delay locked loops and I/Os, etc. © 2013 IEEE.

Fulltext

IEEE Access

A thomas algorithm-based generic approach for modeling of power supply induced jitter in CMOS buffers

An efficient method is presented for estimation of power supply induced jitter (PSIJ). The proposed method is based on advancing the recently proposed EMPSIJ method and developing analytical relationships to handle the combined effect of both the differential transmission lines as well as the ground bounce. Practical case studies are presented demonstrating the impact of the ground bounce as well as the transmission media on the PSIJ. The proposed method provides significant speed-up compared to the conventional PSIJ estimation approaches. © 1964-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility

Modeling the Combined Effects of Transmission Media and Ground Bounce on Power Supply Induced Jitter

This paper presents an assessment of jitter induced by power and ground (P/G) voltage variations. The assessment is based on an extended input/output buffer information specification (IBIS)-like model for capturing the effect of P/G signal variations under simultaneous switching output (SSO) buffers. The requirements of nonlinear modeling for the accurate prediction is explained and illustrated. The implemented large signal equivalent-circuit model is validated under different test conditions having different P/G voltage variations for predicting the output signal distortions. The associated jitter analysis by predicting the eye diagram under the noise conditions is performed. The maximum values of the prediction error for the peak to peak values of eye jitter and eye height are 7.06% and 2.59%, respectively. © 2019 IEEE.

2019 IEEE 23rd Workshop on Signal and Power Integrity, SPI 2019 - Proceedings

An IBIS-like Modelling for Power/Ground Noise Induced Jitter under Simultaneous Switching Outputs (SSO)

Application of Internet of Things (IoT) in health, defense, banking, and other confidential information transfer urges the need for secure IoT. As most of the IoT devices are resource-limited (antennas, bandwidth, energy), securing the information transfer has always been a challenge. Looking at a solution for enhancing the security of single antenna, single carrier, energy efficient devices, we propose a novel scheme, channel-based mapping diversity. This scheme uses the inherent randomness of the wireless channel and multiple mappings available for an M -ary phase shift keying constellation in confusing an eavesdropper. When the legitimate and the eavesdropper channels are independent of each other, it is shown that a symbol error rate (SER) of \frac {(M-1)}{M} is induced at the eavesdropper. Whereas, when the channels are correlated, optimal and suboptimal strategies at source and eavesdropper are derived for their respective optimal performances. Further, a closed-form expression for a lower-bound on the SER at the eavesdropper is derived. Simulation results show that for the correlated case, as SNR at the eavesdropper increases, SER initially decreases, later saturates to a relatively high SER, hence making the job of the eavesdropper difficult in getting the legitimate data. Furthermore, the effect of the correlation is more pronounced on SER at higher levels of correlation. This indicates that for practical correlation scenarios, SER is high enough to confuse the eavesdropper. © 2014 IEEE.

IEEE Internet of Things Journal

Exploiting Mapping Diversity for Enhancing Security at Physical Layer in the Internet of Things

Spectrum scarcity is one of the major challenges that the modern communication engineers are going through because of inefficient utilization of allocated frequency spectrum. The spectrum scarcity is a problem because there is not enough wavelengths/frequency to match the number of channels which are required to broadcast in a given bandwidth. Therefore, the utilization of available allocated spectrum when licensed users are not in use offers an opportunity as well as challenge, also, to increase the efficiency of spectrum utilization. Cognitive Radio offers a promising solution by reutilisation of unused allocated frequency spectrum. It helps to fulfil the demand of frequency requirement for modern communication system to accommodate more data transmission. In this optimum utilization of reuse of frequency spectrum required optimising algorithms in all parts of Cognitive Cycle. This paper focuses on designing a system based on fuzzy logic with a set of input and output parameters to obtain an optimised solution. A comparative analysis is also carried out among various types of membership functions of input and output on Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System and Sugeno Fuzzy Inference System. The proposed approach is applicable to design a better system model for a given set of rules. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Wireless Personal Communications

Analysis and Comparison of Different Fuzzy Inference Systems Used in Decision Making for Secondary Users in Cognitive Radio Network

This paper presents an application of power-line communication (PLC) as a viable solution for frequency regulation in a smart microgrid. The microgrid under consideration comprises a diesel generator with a frequency controller and another synchronous generator operating in the constant power mode. Frequency regulation is achieved in the microgrid by communicating the frequency deviation (information) from the control center to the diesel generator using PLC. The information received at the other end is used for frequency regulation. A simple yet effective M -ary amplitude-shift keying (ASK) modulation-based PLC system is proposed for information transmission. A comparative analysis of M -ary ASK and M -ary frequency-shift keying (FSK)-based PLC systems is also presented. Approximate closed-form expressions for the average symbol error rate and the average achievable rate are derived for both the PLC systems, assuming that the PLC channel coefficients and the additive impulsive noise samples are derived from a log-normal distribution and a Bernoulli-Gaussian process, respectively. The results show that M -ary ASK is a better choice for PLC than M -ary FSK. Furthermore, the delay introduced in the control loop while using the proposed PLC system is negligible, and therefore, the stability of the microgrid is also ensured. © 2013 IEEE.

A Frequency Control Strategy Using Power Line Communication in a Smart Microgrid

This paper presents the application of electric spring (ES) in damping low frequency oscillations in droop controlled inverter based microgrid. These low frequency oscillations arise in the microgrid due to the power control loops of inverters. While ES is generally employed to regulate voltage across critical loads in the systems; this paper highlights another key benefit of ES that can be employed if the critical loads are not present. Under this scenario, the ES can be controlled to damp the low frequency oscillations. The same is achieved in this work by modulating the current of the ES based on the oscillations in the inveter reference frequency. The proposed method is validated by MATLAB / SIMULINK simulations. The effect of location of ES is also presented. © 2019 IEEE.

Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2019 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe, EEEIC/I and CPS Europe 2019

Stability Enhancement of Inverter Based Autonomous Microgrid using Electric Spring

Extract of Ulmus wallichiana is being used as traditional medicine used for the treatment of fractured bones however the effect of its individual flavonols is not known. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of its novel flavonol, (2S, 3S)-(+)-30, 40, 5, 7-tetrahydroxydihydroflavonol-6-C-b-D-glucopyranoside named as Ulmoside A (UA), on lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treated neurons. LPS treatment to neuronal cells caused significant cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species generation, depletion in glutathione and mitochondrial impairment which were significantly inhibited with UA treatment. LPS treatment also caused significant translocation of cytochrome-c, decreased level of Bcl2, increased level of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in neuronal cells reflecting the involvement of intrinsic apoptotic pathway in neuronal death which was attenuated with UA treatment. Since LPS is a well known pro-inflammatory agent it also offered the significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factors-α &amp; interleukin 1-beta) however, UA treatment did not exhibit significant inhibition against LPS induced inflammatory response. LPS also caused the augmented level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) which was also not inhibited with co treatment of UA. We have also observed the significant DNA fragmentation and augmented level of cleaved Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase 1 after LPS treatment which was significantly reverted with UA treatment. Findings suggested that UA acts through mitochondria and exhibited its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities in neuronal cells while no significant anti-inflammatory activity and effect on iNOS were observed. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.