Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

Penetration of WE sources into the weak AC grid with low X/R ratio in the presence of unbalanced loads is a major cause of poor power quality (PQ). In such a scenario, WE penetration with higher levels becomes a significant challenge in the utility grid. This paper presents a solution to mitigate power quality issues in the weak grid to minimize the effect of low X/R ratio at a higher level of WE penetration using distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) controlled by a least mean fourth (LMF) algorithm. This control algorithm extracting the active and reactive weight component of the unbalanced load current to estimate reference signals, which helps to generate gate pulses for DSTATCOM. The LMF algorithm has been tested successfully for maintaining voltage stability and PQ at a higher level of WE penetration in the weak grid. © 2020 IEEE.

World University root node

2020 IEEE Region 10 Symposium, TENSYMP 2020

Power Quality Mitigation in Weak AC Grid with Low X/R Ratios using Distribution Static Compensator Controlled by LMF Algorithm

A methodology to stabilize synchronized, balanced, or symmetric phase patterns of unicycle-type agents on a desired common circle, while restricting their trajectories to a certain region of interest, is proposed in this note. These phase patterns are characterized by the motion of the collective centroid of the group of agents and derived by optimizing the average linear momentum of the group. Under a mild assumption on initial states of the agents, we design control laws by exploiting the concept of barrier Lyapunov function in conjunction with bounded phase potential functions. We show that the agents asymptotically stabilize to a desired phase arrangement and their trajectories remain bounded during stabilization. We obtain bounds on the different quantities of interest in the postdesign analysis and show that these bounds depend on the initial conditions and can be altered by adjusting the controller gains. We also prove convergence when the control input is saturated to a prespecified value. Finally, we provide a discussion on the application and limitation of the proposed approach and characterize the feasible initial conditions. © 2020 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control

Trajectory-Constrained Collective Circular Motion with Different Phase Arrangements

In this paper, a three-sensors based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) scheme with charging current protection facility has been proposed for Solar PV powered ON board Electric Vehicles (EV) applications. Therefore, this scheme is capable of charging the different types of EVs with current within the rated limit of the EV. Solar PV array can be directly attached for charging the EV without any external required circuitry. Therefore, any Solar panel array can be attached to charge the EV safely. The Above strategy is Simulated and tested in MAT LAB Simulink under variable irradiance of solar energy, which optimal SOC, charging current, and voltage shows satisfactory performance. © 2020 IEEE.

9th IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems, PEDES 2020

Solar PV array powered on board electric vehicle charging with charging current protection scheme

This work presents an enhanced multilayer second-order generalized integrator (EMSOGI) based control approach for a double stage single phase topology based solar PV array interfaced with the grid. This PV system is integrated into the grid at the DC bus of the voltage source inverter (VSI). The PV system satisfies the nonlinear load demand at the PCC (Point of Common Coupling) and feeds the excess power to the grid. The control is able to transfer the power even when the system is subjected to adverse grid conditions. The control is able to solve the inherent problems of the most popular controller used, that is, SOGI and its advanced versions. The boost converter is operated using a PO (Perturb and Observe) algorithm to maintain the peak power point tracing from the solar PV module. Furthermore, the obtained results of a developed model in MATLAB SIMULINK platform are observed to show that the IEEE-519 standard is duly followed under various adverse grid conditions. © 2020 IEEE.

An enhanced multilayer GI based control for grid integrated solar PV system

In this paper, we propose the design of event-triggered sliding mode control (SMC) for a high-order system via a reduced-order model based design. It comprises a triggering mechanism with a reduced-order state vector and a controller based on a reduced-order model which stabilizes the (high-order) plant against perturbation. Apart from its low order synthesis of the controller, the proposed technique possesses many other advantages. The important one is the sampling pattern, which could be sparser by the use of a reduced-order vector in the event condition than with a full vector itself. This observation comes from the fact that the triggering instants explicitly depend on the state vector and its behavior over time, and thereby relaxing a few components of the state vector in the triggering mechanism may decrease its rate of the violation. Another significant outcome of this strategy is that the transmission of the reduced-order vector, particularly in a network-based implementation can outperform the full-order based design owing to the severe challenges that persistently occur in the data network. The event-triggered SMC is considered to achieve a robust performance for the closed-loop system. We show that our proposal guarantees the stability of the full-order plant with the reduced-order triggering mechanism, which does not admit a triggering sequence with Zeno behavior. The simulation results are given for a practical example to illustrate the performance and benefits of the proposed method. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Automatica

Event-triggered sliding mode control for a high-order system via reduced-order model based design

For two-time scale systems, singular perturbation theory is often used for designing a controller based only on an approximate model of its slow dynamics, assuming the fast model to be stable. In this context, the authors investigate and implement a stabilising event-triggered feedback law for a networked singularly perturbed system, based only on an approximate model of its slow dynamics. Triggering rule guarantees the stability and the existence of a positive lower bound between two consecutive transmissions. The proposed approach has been validated for a laboratory-scale hardware setup of an active suspension system of a quarter-car model. The presence of fast and slow modes in a vehicle suspension system is utilised to model it as a singularly perturbed system. Experimental results indicate that in spite of the simplified structure of the controller and event-triggered feedback, its performance is comparable to that of the full-state feedback design with continuous feedback with the significant reduction in control execution events. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2020.

Department of Chemistry

Fulltext

IET Control Theory and Applications

Reduced-order event-triggered controller for a singularly perturbed system: An active suspension case

Structural analysis helps in parsing the mathematical expressions. Various approaches for structural analysis have been reported in literature, but they mainly deal with online and printed expressions. In this work, two-dimensional, stochastic context-free grammar is used for the structural analysis of offline handwritten mathematical expressions in a document image. The spatial relation between characters in an expression has been incorporated so that the structural variability in handwritten expressions can be tackled. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

Structural Analysis of Offline Handwritten Mathematical Expressions

This Letter presents a dual-mode substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) based bandpass filter for Ku-band application. The proposed bandpass filter is realised by exciting the even and odd modes in an SICL ring resonator. A novel perturbation technique to control the coupling between orthogonal modes is realised by varying the width of the outer conductor formed by metallic vias in this planar coaxial line. Further, the effect of perturbation length and inset on resonant frequency and attenuation pole is studied. The two transmission zeros produced close to the pass band provide excellent selectivity and reject spurious frequencies up to 1.9fo. The proposed SICL based filter is manufactured using low cost PCB fabrication process. Experimental results indicate an insertion loss of 1.18 dB and a 3 dB bandwidth of 360 MHz centred at 13.83 GHz. The self packaged SICL filter occupying only 0.31l2g lateral area is suitable for implementation in densely integrated systems. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2020.

Electronics Letters

Dual-mode SICL bandpass filter with via based perturbation technique for Ku-band

In controller design, the classical control techniques have their distinct advantages and capabilities. The integral sliding-mode control (ISMC) leverages the merits of such control techniques by allowing their merger with the sliding-mode control (SMC). ISMC is composed of two components, a nominal control designed using any methodology and a discontinuous-SMC, and thus the system can have specified performance with high degree of robustness. The proposed work achieves multiple objectives, i.e., mitigates 2ω-ripple, ensures robustness, and improves dynamic performance. The proposed ISM-based controller amalgamates SMC with a new dual-loop adaptive PID-control (as the nominal control). The discontinuous-SMC part ensures robustness against the matched-uncertainty, i.e., disturbances entering through the input channel such as parametric variations, exogenous disturbances, modeling-error, and the nominal control mitigate 2ω-ripple at the input of dc-dc-ac converter. Moreover, the adaptive nature of nominal control improves the system performance at the large line-load transients unlike the conventional control. Furthermore, the proposed controller supports the reduction of 2ω-ripple at the input of converter. The proposed control scheme is validated using 1-kW prototype. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics

ISMC for Boost-Derived DC-DC-AC Converter: Mitigation of 2ω-Ripple and Uncertainty, and Improvement in Dynamic Performance

Room-temperature gas sensors have aroused great attention in current gas sensor technology because of deemed demand of cheap, low power consumption and portable sensors for rapidly growing Internet of things applications. As an important approach, light illumination has been exploited for room-temperature operation with improving gas sensor’s attributes including sensitivity, speed and selectivity. This review provides an overview of the utilization of photoactivated nanomaterials in gas sensing field. First, recent advances in gas sensing of some exciting different nanostructures and hybrids of metal oxide semiconductors under light illumination are highlighted. Later, excellent gas sensing performance of emerging two-dimensional materials-based sensors under light illumination is discussed in details with proposed gas sensing mechanism. Originated impressive features from the interaction of photons with sensing materials are elucidated in the context of modulating sensing characteristics. Finally, the review concludes with key and constructive insights into current and future perspectives in the light-activated nanomaterials for optoelectronic gas sensor applications.[Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2020, The Author(s).