Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

This Letter presents a dual-mode substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) based bandpass filter for Ku-band application. The proposed bandpass filter is realised by exciting the even and odd modes in an SICL ring resonator. A novel perturbation technique to control the coupling between orthogonal modes is realised by varying the width of the outer conductor formed by metallic vias in this planar coaxial line. Further, the effect of perturbation length and inset on resonant frequency and attenuation pole is studied. The two transmission zeros produced close to the pass band provide excellent selectivity and reject spurious frequencies up to 1.9fo. The proposed SICL based filter is manufactured using low cost PCB fabrication process. Experimental results indicate an insertion loss of 1.18 dB and a 3 dB bandwidth of 360 MHz centred at 13.83 GHz. The self packaged SICL filter occupying only 0.31l2g lateral area is suitable for implementation in densely integrated systems. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2020.

World University root node

Electronics Letters

Dual-mode SICL bandpass filter with via based perturbation technique for Ku-band

In controller design, the classical control techniques have their distinct advantages and capabilities. The integral sliding-mode control (ISMC) leverages the merits of such control techniques by allowing their merger with the sliding-mode control (SMC). ISMC is composed of two components, a nominal control designed using any methodology and a discontinuous-SMC, and thus the system can have specified performance with high degree of robustness. The proposed work achieves multiple objectives, i.e., mitigates 2ω-ripple, ensures robustness, and improves dynamic performance. The proposed ISM-based controller amalgamates SMC with a new dual-loop adaptive PID-control (as the nominal control). The discontinuous-SMC part ensures robustness against the matched-uncertainty, i.e., disturbances entering through the input channel such as parametric variations, exogenous disturbances, modeling-error, and the nominal control mitigate 2ω-ripple at the input of dc-dc-ac converter. Moreover, the adaptive nature of nominal control improves the system performance at the large line-load transients unlike the conventional control. Furthermore, the proposed controller supports the reduction of 2ω-ripple at the input of converter. The proposed control scheme is validated using 1-kW prototype. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics

ISMC for Boost-Derived DC-DC-AC Converter: Mitigation of 2ω-Ripple and Uncertainty, and Improvement in Dynamic Performance

Room-temperature gas sensors have aroused great attention in current gas sensor technology because of deemed demand of cheap, low power consumption and portable sensors for rapidly growing Internet of things applications. As an important approach, light illumination has been exploited for room-temperature operation with improving gas sensor’s attributes including sensitivity, speed and selectivity. This review provides an overview of the utilization of photoactivated nanomaterials in gas sensing field. First, recent advances in gas sensing of some exciting different nanostructures and hybrids of metal oxide semiconductors under light illumination are highlighted. Later, excellent gas sensing performance of emerging two-dimensional materials-based sensors under light illumination is discussed in details with proposed gas sensing mechanism. Originated impressive features from the interaction of photons with sensing materials are elucidated in the context of modulating sensing characteristics. Finally, the review concludes with key and constructive insights into current and future perspectives in the light-activated nanomaterials for optoelectronic gas sensor applications.[Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2020, The Author(s).

Fulltext

Nano-Micro Letters

Room-Temperature Gas Sensors Under Photoactivation: From Metal Oxides to 2D Materials

A sensor for highly sensitive, selective, and rapid determination of the trace amount of toxic Hg2+ ions is developed for the first-time using molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) functionalized AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). The vertically aligned, flower-like MoS2 structures are synthesized through a simple hydrothermal route and applied on the gate region of AlGaN/GaN HEMT. The scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction are performed for structural characterization of MoS2. Further, the sensing of Hg2+ ions is performed by electrical characterizations of MoS2 functionalized AlGaN/GaN HEMT. The sensor showed an excellent sensitivity of 0.64 μA/ppb and detection limit of 0.01152 ppb with the rapid response time of 1.8 s. The sensor exhibits the linear range of detection from 0.1 ppb to 100 ppb and highly selective behavior towards Hg2+ ions. The results demonstrated that the MoS2 possess excellent Hg2+ ions capture property, that could be attributed to the complexation of Hg2+ ions with sulfur and the electrostatic interaction between MoS2 and Hg2+ ions alters the drain to source current (IDS) of the HEMT at a constant drain to source voltage (VDS). Therefore, the MoS2 based AlGaN/ GaN HEMT devices have a huge potential for next-generation ion sensing applications. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical

Real time detection of Hg2+ ions using MoS2 functionalized AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor for water quality monitoring

In gas sensor technology, current research efforts are focused on developing a high performance miniaturized gas sensor operating at room temperature. In recent years, layered semiconducting material MoS2 has gained vast attention in sensing field owing to the detection of a variety of analytes at room temperature, high surface-to-volume ratio, and also provided substantial advantages in emerging flexible and wearable sensing field. Herein, a state-of-art overview of the utilization of burgeoning MoS2 research in gas sensing applications is provided. The synthesis of some exciting different nanostructures and hybrids of the MoS2 on a rigid as well as flexible substrate is summarized, as they play an important role in tuning the gas sensing characteristic of the MoS2. The gas sensing performance of the MoS2 sensors with proposed mechanisms is discussed in the context of a wide range of different morphologies/nanostructures, nanocomposites, van der Waals heterostructures, and photoactivation effects. Moreover, rapid advances and growing significance of the MoS2 on the emerging flexible gas sensing platform are also highlighted. Finally, some insights into new challenges and future perspectives in the promising MoS2 research for gas sensing applications are presented. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Advanced Materials Technologies

MoS2-Based Nanomaterials for Room-Temperature Gas Sensors

In this work, a Modulated Perturb and Observe (MoPO) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is proposed for the solar PV array, where a uniform solar irradiance on solar PV array is considered. For MPPT on solar PV array, several techniques have been proposed, where the most popular technique is 'Perturb and Observe (PO)' MPPT technique. However, there are issues with PO MPPT technique like fix step change, the oscillation in the steady-state condition and large tracking duration during dynamic change condition. In this paper, these issues are mitigated by using a modulated step change, which shrinks the size during the steady-state condition for reducing the oscillation and expands the size during dynamic irradiance change condition to quickly capture the new MPP (Maximum Power Point). The performance of MoPO MPPT technique is evaluated on different types of solar irradiance condition, as well as its dominance over the state of the art techniques is proved through a comparative study with classical PO MPPT technique. © 2019 IEEE.

2019 3rd International Conference on Recent Developments in Control, Automation and Power Engineering, RDCAPE 2019

Modulated Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Solar PV Energy Conversion System

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Duke Law Journal

Development of Intelligent Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques and Robust Control Algorithms for Grid Integrated Solar PV Energy Conversion System

This paper presents an assessment of jitter induced by power and ground (P/G) voltage variations. The assessment is based on an extended input/output buffer information specification (IBIS)-like model for capturing the effect of P/G signal variations under simultaneous switching output buffers. The implemented large signal equivalent-circuit model is validated under different test conditions having different P/G voltage variations for predicting the output signal distortions. The associated jitter analysis by predicting the eye diagram under the noise conditions is performed. The maximum prediction error for the peak to peak values of eye jitter and eye height are 7.06 and 2.59, respectively. © 2019 IEEE.

IEEE/IFIP International Conference on VLSI and System-on-Chip, VLSI-SoC

I/O Buffer Modelling for Power Supplies Noise Induced Jitter under Simultaneous Switching Outputs (SSO)

Acetone constitutes 58% of the volatile organic compounds found in human breath. Acetone in breath is proven to be a biomarker for type I diabetes. Portable and sensitive metal oxide semiconductor-based gas sensor with Tungsten Oxide (WO3) thin film as the sensing layer has been used to measure the concentration of Acetone in breath. Acetone gas being a reducing gas decreases the resistance of thin film when it comes in contact of the sensor. The gas sensor is fabricated, characterized and tested for various concentrations of Acetone gas. A linear calibration curve is obtained on the log scale for predicting any concentration in the novel range of 10 ppm to 300 ppm at 300 °C in the sensor fabricated using RF Magnetron sputtering method. The gas sensor is portable and easy to handle with the chip size of 5mm × 5mm and thin film thickness of 100 nm. The efficiency is optimized by operating it at temperature 300 °C with minimum response time and recovery time © 2018 IEEE.

2018 IEEE Nanotechnology Symposium, ANTS 2018

Metal Oxide Semiconductor-based gas sensor for Acetone sensing

This paper reports the development of a novel electronic micro-viscometer capable of measuring viscosity of different Newtonian fluids using less than 100 µl which is highly sensitive, operates on the principle of capacitance change of a microfluidic channel where fluid flows without any external force. A novel electrical approach is developed to study the Newtonian fluids flow characteristics within the microfluidic channel. Special attention is devoted to mathematical modeling, device fabrication and its electrical characterization with diesel/biodiesel and its different compositions (dynamic viscosity ranges 0.1–10 cP) to study the Newtonian fluids flow characteristics and viscosity. Micro-viscometer is realized using standard silicon process techniques; the device has a closed micro-channel with a reservoir on one side and a sink on the other. The channel wall is coated with SiO2, allowing passive pumping of various fluids due to its hydrophilic behavior. The devices are analyzed using 3D optical imaging and electrical characterization in the presence of diesel/bio-diesel and its different compositions. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.