Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

In this paper, the method to design the reduced-order switching function for an uncertain linear system in special coordinate basis (SCB) form is proposed. The sliding mode control with this method guarantees the asymptotic stability of all the states of system in presence of matched disturbance. The proposed design method is applicable to the system with unstable internal dynamics as well. This method enables the option of designing the control law with reduced-order states that are involved in the design of switching function. Also, a high performance sliding mode step-tracking control for non-minimum phase systems using reduced-order nonlinear switching function is proposed. The method is also extended to multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems. An effectiveness of sliding mode control with reduced-order switching function is shown through numerical examples. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.

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International Journal of Control

Sliding mode control with the reduced-order switching function: An SCB approach

The history and evolution of Sliding Mode Controllers in the last three decades is revisited. The new generation of continuous sliding-mode controllers, and continuous nested sliding-mode controllers is presented. Such controllers generate an continuous control signal, ensuring, for the systems with relative degree r, the finite–time convergence to the (r+1)−th sliding-mode set using only information on the sliding output and its derivatives up to the (r − 1) order. In this book it is natural to recall the past and to think about the future. This chapter is an attempt to give a viewpoint on the stages of development of the Sliding-Mode Control (SMC) theory in the last decades. We will show that each decade the SMC community has been able to generate families of controllers with much better properties than before, and propose arbitrary-order continuous SMC algorithms which can significatively reduce the chattering and improve the precision. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.

Studies in Systems, Decision and Control

Continuous nested algorithms: The fifth generation of sliding mode controllers

SrTiO3 (STO) thin films have been prepared by reactive RF magnetron sputtering on Si (100) and UV fused silica substrates at room temperature. The effect of oxygen flow on film characteristics was investigated at a total gas flow of 30 sccm, for various O2/O2 + Ar flow rate ratios. As-deposited films were annealed at 700 °C in oxygen atmosphere for 1 h. Post-deposition annealing improved both film crystallinity and spectral transmittance. Film microstructure, along with optical and electrical properties, was evaluated for both as-deposited and annealed films. Abroad photoluminescence emission was observed within the spectral range of 2.75-3.50 eV for all STO thin films irrespective of their deposition parameters. Upon annealing, the optical band gap of the film deposited with 0% O2 concentration slightly blue-shifted, while the other samples grown at higher oxygen partial pressure did not show any shift. Refractive indices (n) (at 550 nm) were in the range of 2.05 to 2.09, and 2.10 to 2.12 for as-deposited and annealed films, respectively. Dielectric constant values (at 100 kHz) within the range of 30-66 were obtained for film thicknesses less than 300 nm, which decreased to ~ 30-38 after post-deposition annealing. © Published by Elsevier B.V.

Fulltext

Thin Solid Films

Effect of O2/Ar flow ratio and post-deposition annealing on the structural, optical and electrical characteristics of SrTiO3 thin films deposited by RF sputtering at room temperature

Power Integrity is maintained in a high speed system by designing an efficient decoupling network. This paper provides a generic formulation for decoupling capacitor selection and placement problem which is solved by mixed-integer programming. A real-world example is presented for the same. The minimum number of capacitors that could achieve the target impedance over the desired frequency range are found along with their optimal locations. In order to solve an industrial problem, the s-parameters data of power plane geometry and capacitors are used for the accurate analysis including bulk capacitors and VRM. © 2014 IEEE.

Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems

Decoupling network optimization in high speed systems by mixed-integer programming

This paper presents a controlled lateral etching-based technique for realizing nanogap structures. These structures have applications in different bio-medical/ biochemical sensors. The sensitivity of such sensors depends on the gap size. The method method uses single mask lithography, followed by etching for the first electrode material and lift-off for the second electrode material. Controlled under-etching of the first metal layer defines the gap between two electrodes. Aluminum (0.7 μm) as metal one and titanium (0.2 μm) as metal two was used for fabricating nano-gap electrodes. Gap of 90 nm was achieved using the present technique. © 2014 IEEE.

2014 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Emerging Electronics: Materials to Devices, ICEE 2014 - Conference Proceedings

Nanogap electrode formation by sacrificial layer technique

1D gold gratings are optimally designed using Rigorous Couple Wave Analysis (RCWA) to realize angle dependent color shifting property. This interesting optical property is experimentally confirmed on the gratings fabricated using Dip pen nanolithography. © OSA 2014.

International Conference on Fibre Optics and Photonics, 2014

Color shifting properties of 1D gold gratings fabricated using Dip pen nanolithography

In the remote health care monitoring applications, the collected medical data from bio-medical sensors should be transmitted to the nearest gateway for further processing. Transmission of data contributes to a significant amount of power consumption by the transmitter and increase in the network traffic. In this paper we propose a low complex rule engine based health care data acquisition and smart transmission system architecture, which uses IEEE 802.15.4 standard for transferring data to the gateway. The power consumed and the network traffic generated by the device can be reduced by event based transmission rather than continuous transmission of data. We developed two different rule engines: static rule engine and adaptive rule engine, which decides whether to transmit the collected data based on the important features extracted from the data, thereby achieving power saving. In this paper, ECG data acquisition and transmission architecture is considered. The metrics used for performance analysis are the amount of power saving and reduction in network traffic. It is shown that the proposed rule engine gives a significant reduction in energy consumption and network traffic generated. © 2014 IEEE.

2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things, WF-IoT 2014

Adaptive rule engine based IoT enabled remote health care data acquisition and smart transmission system

This paper introduces a novel Real-time Automated Non-invasive Cardiac Remote Health Monitoring Methodology for the detection of human condition by analyzing the ECG signal under the real-time environment. We proposed a novel System-on-Chip (SoC) architecture which has four folded modeling. After the data sensing, firstly, the classification module uses Hurst exponent as a metric in classifying the condition of the ECG signal. Secondly, if there is an abnormal detection by classifier, the Feature Extraction (FE) extracts QRS complex, P wave and T wave from ECG frames. As there is demand of ECG frames, a robust Boundary Detection (BD) mechanism is introduced to identify such frames. The fragmented-QRS (f-QRS) feature is also introduced as our third contribution to detect the fragmentation in the QRS complex and identify its morphology. The fourth step is compressing the ECG data using Hybrid compression technique for low area implementation and communicating this data to the nearest health care center by incorporating the concept of an Adaptive Rule Engine (ARE) based classifier. The proposed SoC architecture is prototyped on Xilinx Virtex 7 FPGA and it is tested on JOO patient's data from PTBDB (MIT-BIH), CSE and in house 11TH DB, the percentage of accuracy obtained is 91% and it is under process for Tape-out.

Computing in Cardiology

An on-chip robust real-time automated non-invasive cardiac remote health monitoring methodology

Power line communication (PLC) utilizes power lines for transmission of power as well as data transmission. It is an emerging field of communication for the home area network of smart grid. The performance of a PLC system is significantly affected by the additive and multiplicative power line noises; the additive noises are of two types, namely background noise and impulsive noise. Whereas, the multiplicative PLC noise leads to fading in the received signal strength. This paper provides the performance analysis of a PLC system over Rayleigh fading channel under Nakagami-m distributed additive background noise assuming binary phase shift keying modulation scheme. The probability density function of the decision variable is derived. We obtain a numerically computable expression of the analytical average bit error rate of the considered system. The closed-form expression of the outage probability of the PLC system is also computed. Simulation results closely verify the validity of the derived analytical expressions. © 2014 IEEE.

IEEE Communications Letters

PLC Performance analysis over Rayleigh fading channel under Nakagami-m additive noise

This paper presents a new type of capacitive shunt RF-MEMS switch. In the proposed design, interdigitation of signal lines with actuation electrodes is used to make a compact device. A bridge structure anchored in between ground planes and attached to two cantilevers on either side has been used to implement the switch structure. This novel structure is used to inductively tune the isolation peaks in X and K bands which is not possible with conventional approach. The designed switch shows an insertion loss of 0.01 dB to 0.11 dB over the frequency range from 1 to 25 GHz. Isolation of 34.71, 34.33, and 40.7 dB has been observed at 10.4 GHz, 11 GHz and 21.4 GHz when bridge is electro-statically actuated with either left, right or both cantilevers in the down state respectively. The bridge structure shows a pull-in voltage of 12.25 V and switching time of 34.40 μs whereas left and right cantilevers have 7.5 V and 57 μs. The designed device can be useful for the future multiband communication applications. © 2014 IEEE.