Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering

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IIT Jodhpur

Expression of GAP-43, a neuronal specific growth associated phosphoprotein, has been highly correlated with the growth and remodeling of the nervous system during development and regeneration. As part of an effort to understand mechanisms of developmental plasticity in the somatosensory system, we determined how the expression of GAP-43 is affected by prenatal and early postnatal nerve cut and repair in macaque monkeys. We also observed normal developmental changes in the expression of GAP-43 during early postnatal life in macaque monkeys. The normal cuneate nucleus, as well as other nuclei of the ascending somatosensory pathways, had low levels of GAP-43 at birth that increased by 3 months and declined thereafter to reach adult levels between 8 and 15 months of age. Fiber tracts expressed low levels of GAP-43 at all postnatal ages, except the pyramidal tract which demonstrated high levels at birth that decreased over the first year. These observations suggest a gradual but differential synaptic maturation in lower brain stem nuclei as macaque monkeys mature. Greatly increased levels of GAP-43 were observed at the time of birth in the cuneate nucleus of two macaque monkeys with prenatal (E94 and E114) nerve repair. Such an increase was not found after prenatal nerve repair with a postnatal survival time of 15 months, or after early postnatal nerve repair with short (80 days) or long (20 months) survivals. The results suggest that reorganization mechanisms at central terminals of peripheral nerves are very different following prenatal than postnatal nerve damage. © 1995.

World University root node

Developmental Brain Research

GAP-43 expression in the medulla of macaque monkeys: changes during postnatal development and the effects of early median nerve repair

We report the first analytic study of real time and frequency dependent behaviour at T= infinity of the 2D square lattice transverse Ising model. Our study, along with known results in the 1D case, in the mean field or infinity D case and in other studies, helps understand the experimentally obtained longitudinal dynamic structure factor of the induced moment ferromagnet LiTbF4 studied by Youngblood et al., and is consistent with the studies of Kotzler et al.

Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter

Dynamic structure factor of the transverse Ising model

Atomistic simulations of the vertical propagation of perturbations in deep gravitationally compacted granular columns characterized by the intergrain potential Vδδn, with n2 and δ the grain overlap, are shown to recover the results of elasticity theory for weak perturbations. For strong perturbations, the sound velocity cstrong→cweak as z→ with the deviations from cweak best expressed via a certain recursion relation in z. We predict that voids in real granular columns lead to c1-ε, when the void fraction ε is small, and show that the velocity power spectrum of a grain resembles that of a harmonic oscillator chain as z→. © 1995 The American Physical Society.

Physical Review Letters

Nonlinear dynamics in granular columns

We calculate the interaction of a single helium atom with the low-temperature, orientationally ordered, simple cubic phase of a C60 fullerite crystal using anisotropic, helium-carbon pair potentials. The results of our study predict that helium is readily bound to sites on or near the surface of the fullerite crystal, but that intercalation of helium to the interior of the crystal at low temperatures is minimal due to the large energy barriers separating sites of octahedral and tetrahedral coordination. © 1995 The American Physical Society.

Physical Review B

He adsorption and intercalation in C60 fullerite crystals

Two-dimensional lattices in random potentials characterized by weakly attractive random pinning sites were studied via molecular-dynamics simulations. For a sufficiently high density of pinning sites, a "fragile" glasslike (i.e., amorphous solid) phase is found to be stable at temperatures slightly below the melting temperature. Simulations suggest that this phase can be replaced by a more stable phase, namely, an appproximately long-range-ordered solid phase, as the pins are made less dense and/or with weaker strength. The dynamics of the system depends sensitively on the density of pinning sites. This is probed by studying the velocity autocorrelation function of the particles in a random pinning potential as a function of the density of pinning sites. © 1995 The American Physical Society.

Structure and dynamics of two-dimensional lattices in random pinning potentials

The bgl operon of Escherichia coli is transcriptionally inactive in wild‐type cells. DNA insertion sequences (IS) constitute a major class of spontaneous mutations that activate the cryptic bgl promoter. In an attempt to study the molecular mechanism of activation mediated by insertion sequences, transcription of the bgl promoter was carried out in vitro. Stimulation of transcription is observed when a plasmid containing an insertionally activated bgl promoter is used as a template in the absence of proteins other than RNA polymerase. Deletions that remove sequences upstream of the bgl promoter, and insertion of a 1.2 kb DNA fragment encoding resistance to kanamycin, activate the promoter. Point mutations within a region of dyad symmetry upstream of the promoter, which has the potential to extrude into a cruciform structure under torsional stress, also lead to activation. Introduction of a sequence with dyad symmetry, upstream of an activated bgl promoter carrying a deletion of upstream sequences, results in a fourfold reduction in transcription. These results suggest that the cryptic nature of the bgl promoter is because of the presence of DNA structural elements near the promoter that negatively affect transcription. Copyright © 1995, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

Molecular Microbiology

Transcriptional activation of the Escherichia coli bgl operon: negative regulation by DNA structural elements near the promoter

In the Zajdela Ascitic Hepatoma (ZAH), a rat tumor, high levels of cell surface sialic acid residues are present which masked the immunogenicity of the cells. We have shown here that cell surface sialic acid level goes down rapidly when ZAH cells are put in culture. The reduction in surface sialic acid levels is due to a decrease in sialic acid residues on the major sialylated glycoprotein, gp 120, as well as a decrease in gp 120 polypeptide. The loss of sialic acid from the cultured cells is reduced if the cells are cultured in the presence of cell free ascitic fluid from ZAH tumor.

Indian journal of biochemistry & biophysics

Cell free ascitic fluid prevents loss of cell surface sialic acid from Zajdela Ascitic Hepatoma cells in culture.

This work reports a significantly improved estimation of the on-site dynamical spin pair correlation function in the s = 1 2 isotropic Heisenberg chain at T = ∞ with respect to an earlier study (Phys. Rev. B 46 (1992) 14617) which has received some attention in the literature. The calculations have been performed using a recently developed technique for estimating unsolvable infinite continued fractions which are relevant for calculating the relaxation functions. This improvement became possible due to an important advance in the machine based computation of quantum mechanical commutators by M. Böhm and H. Leschke (Physica A 199 (1993) 116). The work reported here builds on the results of Böhm and Leschke and provides new predictions on the behavior of the on-site dynamical spin pair correlation function. This work also provides insights into possible ways to qualitatively understand the complex relaxation at high temperatures associated with a hermitian operator A(t) in a system described by a hermitian Hamiltonian H = H0 + H1, where none of these three operators commutes with one another. © 1995.

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Relaxation in the s = 1 2 isotropic Heisenberg chain at T = ∞: Towards a simple intuitive interpretation

The solution of the equation of motion for a particle in a Duffing potential, V(x) = α1x2/2 + α2x4/4 (α1, α2 &gt; 0) for arbitrary anharmonicity strength is characterized by the presence of odd frequencies which implies that velocity and position autocorrelation functions of such an oscillator in a microcanonical ensemble are also characterized by odd frequencies. It is, however, non-trivial to determine whether such "discrete" frequencies also characterize the autocorrelation functions in a canonical ensemble as discussed recently by Fronzoni et al. (J. Stat. Phys. 41 (1985) 553). We recover and extend upon the results of Fronzoni et al. to show analytically, via Mori-Lee theory, that "essentially discrete" (i.e. well-defined peaks with finite but "small" width) temperature-dependent frequencies characterize the autocorrelation functions in a canonical ensemble. © 1995.

Relaxation in a Duffing potential

The monoclonal antibody Cat-301 was used to stain neurons and neuropil in the visual thalamus and cortex of tree shrews —small, highly visual mammals that are closely related to primates. Previously, this antibody has been found to label neurons associated with the Y-cell stream of processing in cats and the magnocellular or M-cell stream in macaque monkeys. In tree shrews, the antibody selectively labeled layers 1, 2, 4, and 5 of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, layers that are likely to contain neurons previously classified as Y-cells. Of the two layers that contain W-cells, layer 3 was unlabeled and layer 6 was lightly labeled. In area 17, layer 3c was densely stained, as in cats and macaque monkeys. The external half of layer 5 was also densely stained, in contrast to cats where the internal half of layer 5 is stained and macaques where layer 5 is sparsely stained. Area 18 was characterized by dense, uniform staining of inner layer 3 and outer layer 5, but no pattern of alternating light and dense bands crossed the width of area 18 as in macaques. Dense labeling of these same sublayers occurred in cortical areas TA and TD just lateral to area 18. Area TD may be the homologue of area MT of primates, which also stains densely with Cat-301 in macaques. These results indicate that Cat-301 differentially labels layers and areas in the visual system of tree shrews, and raise intriguing issues of comparison among tree shrews, primates, and cats. Copyright © 1994, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.