School of Management & Entrepreneurship

&ldquo;IIT Jodhpur is committed to impart quality education to facilitate the creation of qualified, competent and responsible human resources to meet the emerging technological challenges of the world. It is working towards creating an equitable learning platform that is positive, accessible and effective in the face of the modern societal and scientific advancements.

Flexibility in curriculum, in all its academic programs, encompassing elements of teaching, research, creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship is the most unique feature of IIT Jodhpur. The Department of Science and Technology (DST), under the National Mission on Cyber Physical Systems, has identified IIT Jodhpur as a Technology &amp; Innovation Hub in the area of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality. The institute has also been nominated as the coordinator for the Jodhpur City and Knowledge Cluster by the Office of Principal Scientific Adviser, Government of India.

The sprawling 852-acre IIT Jodhpur campus is a majestic tribute to the deep-rooted diverse cultural heritage of the region. The campus is an architectural masterpiece, which is slated to become an international exemplar of sustainability with net-zero energy, and advanced water and waste management strategies.&rdquo;

IIT Jodhpur

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of cognitive styles (CgStys) and self-efficacy (SEff) in the formation of social entrepreneurial intentions (SEIs) among the students of a premier multi-campus technical university in India using the theory of planned behaviour as the research framework. Design/methodology/approach: A 54-item questionnaire was responded by 550 students. The data were collected by employing a systematic random sampling method. In the total sample of the respondents, 67 per cent (n=368) were male and 33 per cent (n=182) were female and the average age of the respondents was 20 years. Structural equation modelling has been used for data analysis. Findings: The results of the study support that the relationship between antecedents (CgStys and SEff) and SEIs was mediated by the attitude towards becoming a social entrepreneur, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. Findings of this research study also suggest that students with high level of SEff are more inclined towards social entrepreneurial activities. Research limitations/implications: The study was confined to the students from a technical university, and it may not give the generalized findings for students from the non-technical stream. Practical implications: The finding of this research study will facilitate policy makers and educators for promoting social entrepreneurial activities at the university level. Based on the results and findings of the study, the educators may improve upon the support system to help and motivate students to opt social entrepreneurship as their career choice. Originality/value: This is one of its kinds of research conducted in the Indian context. Findings of this research will be helpful in predicting how the intention process of Indian students is affected by their CgStys and SEff. © 2017, 2017, Emerald Publishing Limited.

World University root node

South Asian Journal of Business Studies

Predictors of social entrepreneurial intention: an empirical study

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the cyclical pattern of social expenditure during 1980-2012 for a set of Asian countries. The extant literature available so far has captured the cyclicality of fiscal policy only for member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and for Latin American countries. Moreover, previous studies have largely ignored Asian countries. Design/methodology/approach - The analysis used panel data from global macro-databases of the International Monetary Fund, Statistics of public expenditure for economic development and Asian Development Bank. The cyclical components of social spending (health, education, and social protection) and GDP were determined by using the Hodrick-Prescott Filter. A positive (negative) correlation indicates procyclical (countercyclical) fiscal policy. In line with the existing literature on fiscal cyclicality (Gavin and Perotti, 1997; Lane, 2003; Frankel et al., 2013) that has examined the behavior of fiscal policy over the business cycle, regression analysis is used to examine the impact of political and institutional factors on the behavior of social spending. Findings - It was found that government social expenditure is procyclical across Asian countries during 1980-2012. However, during the past decade, emerging Asian countries have been able to shift from procyclical to countercyclical social spending. This shows that they had taken several initiatives to boost expenditure in the social sector - be it in social protection, health, or education services. The significant determinant of social cyclicality is the quality of institutions, which could help the government to increase fiscal deficit during recessions and repay the debt during economic booms. However, to some extent, their countercyclical action is restrained by the high accumulated level of public debt. Originality/value - In the context of the Asian region, it is important to understand the cyclical pattern of social policy for several reasons. It has been said that crises offer an opportunity for countries to rethink their social policy to achieve more sustained and equitable development. By studying the social spending behavior, the authors can see whether Asian countries were able to grab the opportunity for reshaping their social and economic agenda after the Asian financial crisis. © 2017 Emerald Publishing Limited.

International Journal of Social Economics

Social cyclicality in Asian countries

If the proposition of Williamson that “highly standardized transactions are not apt to require a specialized governance structure” (1979, p. 248) is to be accepted, then a discrete transaction market between small business owners and their suppliers can be easily organized in the market. This view essentially nullifies the possibility of there being a relational transaction. In this backdrop, this research attempts to explore the small buyer–supplier relationship in the context of a small city. Keeping embeddedness (Granovetter, Am. J. Sociol., 1985; 91: 481–510) as a theoretical foundation, we explore the social content in an apparently pure economic exchange. Although, earlier attempts (Khoja and Kauffman, J. Small Bus. Manag., 2012; 50: 20–40; Uzzi, Am. Socio. Rev., 1996; 61: 674–698) conformed to embeddedness in transactions between a buyer and a supplier among businesses of various sizes, they largely ignored very small-size buyers and suppliers owing to the miniscule size of business transactions and less frequent interactions between buyers and suppliers. Based on the grounded theory approach (Strauss and Corbin, Basics of Qualitative Research-Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques, 1990), in this study, we conducted in-depth interviews with 57 very small business owners to develop detailed narratives. These narratives were organized under four themes: Contractual relationship, Strategic information sharing, Caste as a proxy, and Trust Factor. The findings clearly indicate that small business owners foster continued relationships with their suppliers, owing to social conditioning factors. © 2016 International Council for Small Business

Journal of Small Business Management

Nature of Buyer–Supplier Relationship: Small Businesses in a Small City

This paper develops a theory and methodology for estimation of Gini index such that both cost of sampling and estimation error are minimum. Methods in which sample size is fixed in advance, cannot minimize estimation error and sampling cost at the same time. In this article, a purely sequential procedure is proposed which provides an estimate of the sample size required to achieve a sufficiently smaller estimation error and lower sampling cost. Characteristics of the purely sequential procedure are examined and asymptotic optimality properties are proved without assuming any specific distribution of the data. Performance of our method is examined through extensive simulation study. © 2017, Indian Statistical Institute.

Sankhya B

Minimum risk point estimation of Gini index

The standardized mean difference is a widely used effect size measure. In this article, we develop a general theory for estimating the population standardized mean difference by minimizing both the mean square error of the estimator and the total sampling cost. Fixed sample size methods, when sample size is planned before the start of a study, cannot simultaneously minimize both the mean square error of the estimator and the total sampling cost. To overcome this limitation of the current state of affairs, this article develops a purely sequential sampling procedure, which provides an estimate of the sample size required to achieve a sufficiently accurate estimate with minimum expected sampling cost. Performance of the purely sequential procedure is examined via a simulation study to show that our analytic developments are highly accurate. Additionally, we provide freely available functions in R to implement the algorithm of the purely sequential procedure. © 2016 American Psychological Association.

Psychological Methods

Estimating the standardized mean difference with minimum risk: Maximizing accuracy and minimizing cost with sequential estimation.

Microcredit is essentially utilised as the source of empowerment among the poor women in both rural and urban areas of the Indian states. Based on a panel of the Indian states for the period 2007 to 2014, our study examines the impact of women empowerment via the number of women Self Help Groups and women employment opportunities. Our empirical evidence finds that both are complementary to each other. Furthermore, we notice that changes in percapita income and poverty rate influence the scope for women employment and outreach of women SHGs across the Indian states. Factors like increasing access to bank loans and female literacy also help improve the women empowerment drive. The implications of the findings are discussed in the paper.

Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies

Microfinance and women Empowerment-Empirical evidence from the Indian states

Although most of the reputed higher education institutes in India have started entrepreneurship courses, very less emphasis has been given towards finding out the effect of entrepreneurship education and their intentions to become entrepreneurs. This paper evaluates and examines the role of entrepreneurial intentions and their antecedents among 200 students at a premier higher education institute of India by using Ajzen theory of planned behaviour. This research paper seeks to understand whether and how entrepreneurship education affects the intention of the students in India. Multiple regression analysis is used to test the relationship between independent variables (entrepreneurship education, attitude towards behaviour, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control) and dependent variable (entrepreneurship intention). Results indicate a positive relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. The finding validates the effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions and also encourages academicians to develop courses on entrepreneurship and to increase the entrepreneurial intentions among their study. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017. All rights are reserved.

Entrepreneurship Education: Experiments with Curriculum, Pedagogy and Target Groups

Relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A validation study

Purpose: Recent multichannel research suggests that consumers use multiple channels to reap attribute-based benefits which have led to showrooming phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the reasons for consumers’ showrooming behaviour and propose a comprehensive model based on application and extension of the “Theory of planned behaviour”. Design/methodology/approach: Using the probability sampling approach, 278 complete responses were obtained via web-based surveys for analysing the showrooming behaviour. The research model was tested using the “Partial least squares method” which follows a variance-based structural equation modelling approach. Findings: The results of the study indicate that “touching and feeling the product” and “sales staff assistance” motivated customers to visit the physical store before buying online. “Better online service quality” and “lower prices online” induced customers to later purchase online. Price conscious customers and those with the ability to use multiple channels were more likely to engage in showrooming behaviour. Research limitations/implications: The generalization of the findings may be limited because the data were collected from a small sample size. The subject calls for more extensive research for drawing generalizations due to lack of the substantive literature on the core area of study. Practical implications: The model proposed will help retailers in understanding the showrooming phenomenon which recent researchers have considered as a threat to retail. The study provides basis for devising strategies to defend showrooming customers. Originality/value: This paper adds to the body of knowledge in retailing by proposing a model on showrooming which is an emerging area of research in the present retail landscape. © 2017, © Emerald Publishing Limited.

Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics

Understanding consumer's showrooming behaviour: Extending the theory of planned behaviour

Purpose: Recent statistics on increasing webrooming customers make it topical in the multi-channel retailing domain. The purpose of this paper is to offer an enhanced understanding on “Webrooming behaviour”, an area of concern for e-retailers by proposing an integrated framework grounded on the Theory of planned behaviour and Technology acceptance model. Design/methodology/approach: The conceptual model presented develops a number of propositions applicable to webrooming behaviour utilizing the rich literature on channel choice behaviour in the multi-channel retailing environment. The propositions are open for verification and can serve the basis for future line of research. Findings: The model proposed provides basis for understanding the webrooming sequence via search attitude towards online channels, purchase attitude towards offline channels, perceived ease of online search and perceived usefulness of webrooming behaviour. The impact of online risk perceptions and mediating role of (lack of) “trust” have been proposed along with the direct impact of product type and category which offers an holistic view towards understanding the webrooming conduct. Research limitations/implications: The model proposed lacks empirical verification. There is a need to test the model empirically to validate the model and to find out the suitability of integrated TPB-TAM model. Practical implications: Webrooming substantially erodes online profits. Before retailers’ strategies to defend webroomers, it is imperative to understand the phenomenon from the consumer’s side. The model proposed is a step in this direction and provides the basis for formulating strategies for holding back the webroomers. Originality/value: This paper adds to the body of knowledge in retailing by proposing a conceptual model on webrooming behaviour which is an emerging area of research in the present retail landscape. © 2017, © Emerald Publishing Limited.

International Journal of Retail \& Distribution Management

Webrooming behaviour: a conceptual framework

The present study aims at identifying the social entrepreneurial intention among undergraduate students in Indian context by using the theory of planned behaviour as the research framework. A 50-item questionnaire was responded by 230 students who are enrolled in the universities in India. The data were collected by employing a systematic random sampling method. In total, 72% (N = 166) of the respondents were male and 31% (N = 64) were female and the average age of the respondents was 20 years. The questions measured emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, attitude towards becoming a social entrepreneur and social entrepreneurial intentions. The result shows that the proposed model in the present study explains 42% of the variance, explaining the social entrepreneurship intention. Both Emotional intelligence and self-efficacy showed the positive significant relationship with both attitude and social entrepreneurial intentions. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.