Department of Physics

&ldquo;IIT Jodhpur is committed to impart quality education to facilitate the creation of qualified, competent and responsible human resources to meet the emerging technological challenges of the world. It is working towards creating an equitable learning platform that is positive, accessible and effective in the face of the modern societal and scientific advancements.

Flexibility in curriculum, in all its academic programs, encompassing elements of teaching, research, creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship is the most unique feature of IIT Jodhpur. The Department of Science and Technology (DST), under the National Mission on Cyber Physical Systems, has identified IIT Jodhpur as a Technology &amp; Innovation Hub in the area of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality. The institute has also been nominated as the coordinator for the Jodhpur City and Knowledge Cluster by the Office of Principal Scientific Adviser, Government of India.

The sprawling 852-acre IIT Jodhpur campus is a majestic tribute to the deep-rooted diverse cultural heritage of the region. The campus is an architectural masterpiece, which is slated to become an international exemplar of sustainability with net-zero energy, and advanced water and waste management strategies.&rdquo;

IIT Jodhpur

In this paper, a laboratory-based penning plasma discharge source is reported which has been developed in two anode configurations and is able to produce visible and VUV lights simultaneously. The developed source has simultaneous diagnostics facility using Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy. The two anode configurations, namely, double ring and rectangular configurations, have been studied and compared for optimum use of the geometry for efficient light emissions and recording. The plasma is produced using helium gas and admixture of three noble gases including helium, neon, and argon. The source is capable to produce eight spectral lines for pure helium in the VUV range from 20 to 60 nm and total 24 spectral lines covering the wavelength range 20–106 nm for the admixture of gases. The large range of VUV lines is generated from gaseous admixture rather from the sputtered materials. The recorded spectrum shows that the plasma light radiations in both visible and VUV range are larger in double ring configuration than that of the rectangular configurations at the same discharge operating conditions. To clearly understand the difference, the imaging of the discharge using ICCD camera and particle-in-cell simulation using VORPAL have also been carried out. The effect of ion diffusion, metastable collision with the anode wall and the nonlinear effects are correlated to explain the results. © 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

World University root node

Plasma Physics Reports

Penning plasma based simultaneous light emission source of visible and VUV lights

The plasma- assisted slow wave oscillator (PASOTRON) is a high power microwave source in which the electron beam in the interaction region is confined by the background plasma. The plasma is generated by impact ionization of background gas with the electron beam. A model has been developed for temporal evolution of Argon plasma in pasotron device. In this model, we consider electron beam of energy E interacting with Argon gas. The resulting ionization creates quasi neutral argon plasma composed of argon Ar atoms, singly ionized ions Ar+1and electrons having energy from 0 to E. Electron impact excitation, ionization, radiative decay, radiative recombination and three body recombination processes are considered in this model. Population of ground and excited states of argon atom, ground state of argon ion as well as the population of electron energy groups is calculated by solving time dependent rate equations. Temporal evolution of electron beam generated plasma is given. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Fulltext

Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Temporal evolution of electron beam generated Argon plasma in pasotron device

A field experiment was conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the response of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) under drip irrigation with different levels of saline water. There were four salinity levels of irrigation water i. e. canal water ECiw = 0.3 (S1), saline water ECiw. = 2.5 (S2), 5.0 (S3) and 7.5 (S4). Soil moisture and salinity build-up in the . soil profile in different treatments after 20,40 and 60 days of sowing of the crop at different radial and vertical distances were recorded and discussed. Under saline water of ECiw 7.5 dS/m (S4), the ECe values after 60 days of sowing, at 10 cm radial distance in 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm of soil layers, increased by 151.8, 203.21 268.3 and 307.4% on comparing with initial values, respectively, and at 20 cm radial distance, increased by 310.8, 357.1, 435.9 and 497.0%, respectively. Delay in fruiting was observed with increasing level of salinity of irrigation water, suggesting that use of good quality and saline water in different parts of the fields may be effectively used to prolong the productive season of okra. The relative yields obtained were 102.3, 89.2 and 79.8% in S2, S3 and S4 treatments, respectively, as compared to the yield recorded in canal irrigation (S1). The water productivity increased up to ECiw. 2.5 dS/m after that its value decreased with further increase in the salinity of irrigation water.

Annals of Agri Bio Research

Response of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) under drip irrigation with different levels of saline water

The present study examined the quality of groundwater in 83263 ha region comprising Dabwali block of Sirsa district, lies on the western part of Haryana state. One hundred and twelve groundwater samples from running tubewells in the block were analyzed for ionic concentrations of CO32-, HCO3-, Cl- SO42-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+. Parameters such as electrical conductance (EC), pH, sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) were also evaluated. In the block, EC ranged from 0.4-13.9 dS/m with an average of 4.0 dS/m and pH ranged from 7.4 to 10.0 with an average of 8.4. SAR ranged from 0.9 to 20.8 (m mol/l)1/2 with an average of 8.7 (m mol/l)1/2 and RSC ranged from 0.0 to 3.6 and it was absent in all samples having EC greater than 3 dS/m. According to AICRP classification, out of seven categories, maximum 31.3% of samples were found in marginally saline and minimum 8.0% were found in saline, whereas no sample was found in alkali and high alkali categories. Contour maps of EC, SAR, RSC and groundwater quality were plotted to study spatial variability of these parameters in the block. The most dominating range of EC of groundwater was 2-4 dS/m, lying in eastern to western parts of the block and for pH, it was 8.0-8.4. On the basis of GIS mapping, the maximum area (33555 ha) was estimated under marginally saline category which comprised 40.3% area of the block followed by high SAR saline category with estimated area of 24646 ha and the minimum area (3913 ha) of the block was estimated under saline category. As GIS works on the principle of spatial distribution, thus, it depicted the true picture of groundwater quality distribution in an area.

Annals of Biology

Groundwater quality mapping of Dabwali block of Sirsa district (Haryana)

Irrigation frequency is one of the most important decisions in drip irrigation particularly when saline water is used, which affects soil moisture regime, root distribution around the emitter, amount of water uptake by the plant and water loss through percolation. Therefore, a field study was conducted at CCS Haryana Agricutural University, Hisar during the kharif season of 2013 to compare the yield and yield attributed parameters of okra with different irrigation frequency and saline water under drip irrigation system. The experiment was conducted with two irrigation frequencies (daily, F, and alternate day, F2) and four salinity levels of irrigation water i. e. canal water ECiw = 0.3 (S1), saline water ECiw = 2.5 (S2), 5.0 (S3) and 7.5 (S4) with three replications. Salt built-up in the root zone under alternate day irrigation as compared to daily irrigation was slightly higher. Decreasing irrigation frequency with saline water further delay the fruiting indicated the role of irrigation frequency to manipulate the time of maximum fruits for okra. On comparing daily irrigation with alternate day irrigation of respective treatment (canal water, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 dS/m) 7.22, 5.09, 13.54 and 17.67% higher yield was obtained in daily irrigation. On comparing drip irrigation frequency treatments, 7.32, 4.62, 13.52 and 17.10% higher water productivity in daily irrigation as compared to alternate day irrigation of respective treatments was observed. Higher yield and water productivity of okra under daily irrigation as compared to alternate day irrigation for different levels of salinity of irrigation water reflected the importance of frequency of irrigation for the use of saline water.

Effects of irrigation frequency and salinity under drip irrigation on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Thermal properties of Acetamide (AM)-Benzoic acid (BA) and Benzoic acid (BA)-Phthalimide (PM) binary eutectic systems are theoretically calculated using thermodynamic principles. We found that the binary systems of AM-BA at 67.6: 32.4 molar ratio, BA-PM at 89.7: 10.3 molar ratio form eutectic mixtures with melting temperatures ~ 54.5 °C and 114.3 °C respectively. Calculated latent heat of fusion for these eutectic mixtures are 191 kJ/kg and 146.5 kJ/kg respectively. These melting temperatures and heat of fusions of these eutectic mixtures make them suitable for thermal energy storage applications in solar water heating and solar cooking systems. © 2016 Author(s).

AIP Conference Proceedings

Thermal phase diagram of acetamide-benzoic acid and benzoic acid-phthalimide binary systems for solar thermal applications

We measure the opto-electronic properties of femtosecond-laser-ablated GaAs and demonstrate its utility towards THz devices. In particular, we show that laser-ablated THz antennas are 65% more efficient than non-ablated antennas at high powers. Our results demonstrate the possibility of using femtosecond-laser-ablation as a cost-effective technique to engineer material properties for THz devices. © 2016 IEEE.

2016 Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium, PIERS 2016 - Proceedings

Optoelectronic properties in the terahertz of femtosecond-laser-ablated GaAs

We study the formation of longer-lived states via internal coupling near a special avoided resonance crossing between the interacting states in an open optical system. Away from the parity-time symmetry limit, we discuss unconventional cavity resonance states created by a spatially varying gain/ loss profile. Now, via S-matrix formalism, we have numerically demonstrated that with suitably chosen system openness and coupling strengths, the excess noise generation among the interacting nonorthogonal states (calculated as Petermann factor K ) can be suppressed close to the ideal value of one with a simultaneous order of magnitude enhancement in the quality-factor of the longer-lived state. © 2016 Optical Society of America.

Optics Letters

Suppression of excess noise of longer-lived high-quality states in nonuniformly pumped optical microcavities

A protocol based on quantum error correction based characterization of quantum dynamics (QECCD) is developed for quantum process tomography on a two-qubit system interacting dissipatively with a vacuum bath. The method uses a 5-qubit quantum error correcting code that corrects arbitrary errors on the first two qubits, and also saturates the quantum Hamming bound. The dissipative interaction with a vacuum bath allows for both correlated and independent noise on the two-qubit system. We study the dependence of the degree of the correlation of the noise on evolution time and inter-qubit separation. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.

Annals of Physics

The two-qubit amplitude damping channel: Characterization using quantum stabilizer codes

Tomograms are obtained as probability distributions and are used to reconstruct a quantum state from experimentally measured values. We study the evolution of tomograms for different quantum systems, both finite and infinite dimensional. In realistic experimental conditions, quantum states are exposed to the ambient environment and hence subject to effects like decoherence and dissipation, which are dealt with here, consistently, using the formalism of open quantum systems. This is extremely relevant from the perspective of experimental implementation and issues related to state reconstruction in quantum computation and communication. These considerations are also expected to affect the quasiprobability distribution obtained from experimentally generated tomograms and nonclassicality observed from them. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.