Department of Physics

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We report the development of a rechargeable lithium ion battery with homogeneous mixing of 10\% of graphene oxide in active LiMn1.5Ni0.4Cr0.O-1(4) cathode material for enhanced electrochemical performance. The redox behavior of the cell, which is normally too slow for practical applications, is accelerated with highly conductive graphene. Intimate mixing of the two materials is achieved by a slurry maker using an organic solution for a cathode paste. The fabricated electrode is repeatedly charged/discharge at C/10 and C/2 rates without any significant degradation in the electrochemical capacity. The gravimetric energy density of the composite cathode material exceeds that of the LiMn1.5Ni0.4Cr0.O-1(4) oxide electrode in lithium-ion batteries, and the addition of graphene in active material is likely to prove advantageous in applications where weight, rather than volume, is a critical factor.

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NANO EXPRESS

Graphene modulated LiMn1.5Ni0.4Cr0.1O4 spinel cathode for lithium ion battery

In this article optimized molecular geometry, ionization potential, electron affinity, chemical potential, hardness, softness, molecular electrostatic potential mapping and infrared spectrum of two substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazol derivatives namely 1-(5-Amino-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-ylsulfanylmethyl)-benzo[f]chromen-3-one (ATSBFC) and 4-(5-Amino-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-ylsulfanylmethyl)-benzo[h]chromen-2-one (ATSBHC) have been computed using density functional theory (DFT). The computed HOMO and LUMO energies of these compounds indicate that they are chemically active with a tendency for molecular interactions and is supported by the electrostatic potential data. The computed and experimentally obtained infrared spectra of these compounds are analyzed, and vibrational wavenumbers are assigned to vibrations due to different moieties and functional groups. Also, the solvatochromic behavior of these compounds has been studied and dipole moments are estimated by different approaches. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

Chemical Data Collections

Quantum chemical and solvatochromic studies of biological active 1,3,4-thiadiazol coumarin derivatives

The use of sewage sludge in agriculture is known to be environmentally friendly as it is a practical way of recycling municipal waste. A short-term experiment was carried out to study the changes in soil chemical and microbiological properties influenced through the addition of sewage sludge along with saline irrigation under a pearl millet-wheat crop rotation. There were three irrigation (canal water (0.35 dS m-1), 8 and 10 dS m-1 electrical conductivity saline water) and five fertilizer treatments (control-F1, sewage sludge (5 t ha-1)-F2, sewage sludge (5 t ha-1) +50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)-F3, sewage sludge (5 t ha-1)+75% RDF-F4 and RDF-F5). The results showed that soil organic carbon, and available nitrogen, and phosphorus were reduced significantly under saline conditions but there was an increase in available potassium with the increasing salinity levels of the irrigation water. A significant reduction in soil microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activities was caused by 8 and 10 dS m-1 as compared to 0.35 dS m-1 at different growth stages of crops. Treatment F4 attained the highest soil microbial activity at each crop growth stage by a significant margin among all of the fertilizer treatments, which is associated with a substantial build-up of organic carbon and available NPK in the soil. Soil microbial activities followed a particular trend: at 35 and 75 days after sowing&gt;harvest&gt;sowing in pearl millet and wheat, respectively. Sewage sludge dumping is a major problem in India, and the present study suggests that by applying sewage sludge, soil biological health is improved; therefore its use in agriculture is recommended to farmers. © 2020 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences.

International Agrophysics

Soil microbial and nutrient dynamics influenced by irrigation-induced salinity and sewage sludge incorporation in sandy - loam textured soil

Aim: The existing research was undertaken to approximate the significance of interactive effects of varieties X fertilizer doses in mustard crop with saline water irrigation undersemi-arid conditions of Haryana. Methodology: The experiment comprised of mustard varieties viz. Kranti, Giriraj, CS-54 and CS-58 and three fertilizer doses viz. recommended fertilizer dose (RDF), i.e., 60:20:20, 125% of recommended fertilizer dose and 150% of recommended fertilizer dose under semi-arid conditions of Haryana. The study was carried out in a split plot design with varieties in main plots and fertilizer doses in subplots irrigated with 7 dSm-1 saline water. Results: Statistical analysis devised that both variety and fertilizer doses had significant effect on plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, seed and straw yield. The interaction of variety and fertilizer dose had significant effect only on the seed yield. All the treatments and varieties were found economically positive but 150% fertilizer dose was proved to be more economical with highest net returns and B: C ratio in variety Giriraj, Kranti, CS-54 and CS- 58, respectively. Interpretation: Amongst four varieties CS-58 was better performer for all the growth and yield parameters with application of 150% recommended fertilizer dose under saline water irrigation. © 2020 Triveni Enterprises, Lucknow (India).

Journal of Environmental Biology

Performance of different Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) varieties with saline water and graded fertilizer doses under semi-arid conditions of Haryana

For combining different single photon channels into a single path, we use an effective and reliable technique which is known as quantum multiple access. We take advantage of an add-drop multiplexer capable of pushing and withdrawing a single photon into an optical fiber cable which carries quantum bits from multiusers. In addition to this, spreading spreads the channel noise at receiver side and use of filters stop the overlapping of adjacent channels, which helps in reducing the noise level and improved signal-to-noise ratio. In this way, we obtain enhanced performance of code division multiple access-based QKD links with a single photon without necessity of amplifiers and modulators. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Optical and Quantum Electronics

Quantum communication using code division multiple access network

We study a class of qubit non-Markovian general Pauli dynamical maps with multiple singularities in the generator. We discuss a few easy examples involving trigonometric or other nonmonotonic time dependence of the map, and discuss in detail the structure of channels which don't have any trigonometric functional dependence. We demystify the concept of a singularity here, showing that it corresponds to a point where the dynamics can be regular but the map is momentarily noninvertible, and this gives a basic guideline to construct such non-invertible non-Markovian channels. Most members of the channels in the considered family are quasi-eternally non-Markovian (QENM), which is a broader class of non-Markovian channels than the eternal non-Markovian channels. Specifically, the measure of quasi-eternal non-Markovian (QENM) channels in the considered class is shown to be 23 in the isotropic case, and about 0.96 in the anisotropic case. © 2021 World Scientific Publishing Company.

Open Systems and Information Dynamics

A Class of Quasi-Eternal Non-Markovian Pauli Channels and Their Measure

We study various formulations of Leggett-Garg inequality (LGI), specifically, the Wigner and Clauser-Horne forms of LGI, in the context of subatomic systems, in particular, three flavor neutrino as well as meson systems. The optimal forms of various LGIs for either neutrinos or mesons are seen to depend on measurement settings. For the neutrinos, some of these inequalities can be written completely in terms of experimentally measurable probabilities. Hence, the Wigner and Clauser-Horne forms of LGI are found to be more suitable as compared to the standard LGI from the experimental point of view for the neutrino system. Further, these inequalities exhibit maximum quantum violation around the energies roughly corresponding to the maximum neutrino flux. The Leggett-Garg type inequality is seen to be more suited for the meson dynamics. The meson system being inherently a decaying system allows one to see the effect of decoherence on the extent of violation of various inequalities. Decoherence is observed to reduce the degree of violation, and hence the nonclassical nature of the system. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics

Probing inequivalent forms of Leggett-Garg inequality in subatomic systems

The burgeoning shortage of freshwater resources coerced Indian farmers to use poor-quality water for crop production in order to meet the growing and diversified food demands. Such conditions are likely to become more alarming in the future. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to identify the ideal crop combinations and agronomic practices which might give good yield under stressed conditions. An on-field experiment was conducted for two years to determine the suitable combinations of organic manure (farmyard manure @ 10 t/ha, vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha and biogas slurry @ 2.5 t/ha), chemical fertilizers (75%, 100% and 125% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)) and microbial inoculants (Azotobacter chroococcum and Biomix) for enhancing productivity of the pearl millet–wheat cropping system irrigated with saline water. A significant improvement in the yield of pearl millet and wheat crops was obtained by integrated application of nutrients compared with untreated control and RDF treatments. Furthermore, a decrease in soil EC and pH, and an increase in organic carbon were noticed. A marked improvement in the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium status in the soil and reduction in sodium content resulted as an outcome. The T10 combination (RDF + VC + Biomix) was found to be the most suitable for profitable production of pearl millet and wheat crops under saline conditions of northwestern India. © 2020

Current Science

Effect of integrated use of nutrients on soil properties and productivity of pearl millet–wheat cropping system irrigated with saline water in northwestern India

The effect of two quantum state engineering processes that can be used to burn a hole at vacuum in the photon number distribution of quantum states of radiation field is compared using various witnesses of lower- and higher-order nonclassicality as well as a measure of nonclassicality. Specifically, the modification in nonclassical properties due to vacuum state filtration and a single photon addition on an even coherent state, binomial state, and Kerr state are investigated using the criteria of lower- and higher-order antibunching, squeezing, and sub-Poissonian photon statistics. Further, the amount of nonclassicality present in these engineered quantum states having enormous applications in continuous variable quantum communication is quantified and analyzed by using an linear entropy-based entanglement potential. It is observed that all the quantum states studied here are highly nonclassical, and the hole-burning processes can introduce/enhance nonclassical features. However, it is not true in general. A hole at vacuum implies a maximally nonclassical state (as far as Lee's nonclassical depth is concerned), but a particular process of hole burning at vacuum does not ensure the existence of any particular nonclassical feature. Specifically, lower- and higher-order squeezing are not observed for photon-added and vacuum filtered even coherent states. © 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Annalen der Physik

Manipulating Nonclassicality via Quantum State Engineering Processes: Vacuum Filtration and Single Photon Addition

In Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) applications, the design of optical field layout and estimation of optical power received are prerequisites for its development and further implementation. Thus, the estimation of optical power is an important parameter for a given land area is an essential part for a given geographical location. In this proposed work, we investigate the optical layout for central receiver system (CRS), along with heliostats layout for an optical power of 400 kW to 550 kW for a close to 8 hours of operation. By using the ray tracing technique, we estimate amount of radiation reaching the receiver systematically and thus provides a realistic estimate of the optical power that reaches the receiver. The ray tracing carried out for a given configuration of a heliostat field provides an estimate the optical power received by the receiver for two different dimensions of heliostat, that were investigated and the area required for it are presented in this work. © 2019 Author(s).