Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

This paper proposes a heterogeneous gains based controller design methodology to stabilize a particular type of collective motion in a multi-agent system where the heading angles of the agents are in balanced formation. Balancing refers to the situation in which the movement of agents causes the position of their centroid to become stationary. Our interest, in this paper, is to achieve balanced formation about a desired location of the centroid while allowing the agents to move either along straight line paths or around individual circular orbits. For this purpose, we derive feedback control laws that operate with heterogeneous control gains, and are more practical compared to the homogeneous gains based controls existing in the literature. We also show that if the heterogeneous control gains are zero for almost half of the agents of the group, it is possible to achieve balanced formation at an additional advantage of reduced computational complexity of the proposed control law. Simulations are given to illustrate the theoretical findings. © 2017 IEEE.

World University root node

2017 Indian Control Conference, ICC 2017 - Proceedings

A heterogeneous control gain approach to achieve a desired collective centroid by a formation of agents

This paper introduces a humpback whale hunting behavior inspired whale optimization with differential evolution (WODE) technique-based tracking algorithm for the maximum power point tracking in the dynamic as well as the steady-state conditions of a partially shaded solar photovoltaic (PV) system. This "WODE" technique is used for quick and oscillation-free tracking of the global best peak position in a few steps. The unique advantage of this algorithm for maximum power point tracking in partially shaded condition is as, it is free from common and generalized problems of other evolutionary techniques, like longer convergence duration, a large number of search particles, steady-state oscillation, heavy computational burden, etc., which creates power loss and oscillations in output. This hybrid algorithm is tested in MATLAB simulation and verified on a developed hardware of the solar PV system, which consists of multiple peaks in voltage-power curve. Moreover, the tracking ability is compared with the state-of-the-art methods. The satisfactory steady-state and dynamic performances of the new hybrid technique under variable irradiance and temperature levels show the superiority over the state-of-the-art control methods. © 2017 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy

MPPT in Dynamic Condition of Partially Shaded PV System by Using WODE Technique

Master of Technology Thesis in Electrical Engineering, National Institute of {\ldots}

Optimal Design of FIR &amp; IIR Filters by using Evolutionary Algorithms

Variation in actuation voltage for RF MEMS switches is observed as a result of stress-generated buckling of MEMS structures. Large voltage driven RF-MEMS switches are a major concern in space bound communication applications. In this paper, we propose a low voltage driven RF MEMS capacitive switch with the introduction of perforations and reinforcement. The performance of the fabricated switch is compared with conventional capacitive RF MEMS switches. The pull-in voltage of the switch is reduced from 70 V to 16.2 V and the magnitude of deformation is reduced from 8 μ m to 1 μ m. The design of the reinforcement frame enhances the structural stiffness by 46 % without affecting the high frequency response of the switch. The measured isolation and insertion loss of the reinforced switch is more than 20 dB and 0.4 dB over the X band range. © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering

Low voltage driven RF MEMS capacitive switch using reinforcement for reduced buckling

This paper presents the conditions for achieving maximum power output and maximum efficiency in a series- series (SS) resonant inductive link. It has been shown that output power depends on the nature of supply: current source or voltage source, resulting in different values for the same resonant link setup. For both types of sources, conditions for maximum power transfer with respect to different parameters have been derived. Efficiency, on the other hand, is independent of the nature of supply; it depends only on circuit parameters. Conditions for maximum efficiency with respect to circuit parameters have also been derived. It has been shown that an SS resonant inductive link is best suited for current-sourced input, since a voltagesourced link behaves poorly when deviated from ideal tuning conditions. Moreover, for a voltage-sourced link, there exists an optimum value of mutual inductance at which maximum power transfer occurs. However, for a current-sourced link, output power increases with increase in coupling coefficient. The modeling and analysis has been supported with detailed simulation and experimental results. © 2016 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification

A review of optimal conditions for achieving maximum power output and maximum efficiency for a series-series resonant inductive link

A miniaturized prototype sensor based on TiO2 nanotubes/porous silicon (PS) heterojunction is developed for selective ethanol sensing in sub-ppm range. Titanium (Ti) of thickness ∼ 200 nm was deposited on PS using RF sputtering technique. Both silicon and Ti were sequentially anodized to form PS and nanotubes respectively. Electrical contacts for testing of resistive sensors were fabricated using lift off process. The sensor was packaged onto a 12-pin header and tested in presence of different VOCs with concentration ranging from 0.5 to 100 ppm. The selective ethanol sensing at around 150 °C stems from the formation of TiO2 nanotubes/PS heterojunction. The sensitivity of such a sensor, improved manifold in comparison to the response of pure PS and pure TiO2 based sensors. The formation of heterojunction, selective response to ethanol, sub-ppm level sensing at comparatively low operating temperature is discussed. The study unfolds the collective properties of TiO2/PS heterojunction and demonstrates the potential of wafer scale integrated repeatable ethanol sensor tested at sub-ppm level. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.

Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical

Scalable fabrication of prototype sensor for selective and sub-ppm level ethanol sensing based on TiO2 nanotubes decorated porous silicon

This paper highlights the surface treatment of porous silicon (PSi) for enhancing the sensitivity of water vapors at room temperature. A simple and low cost technique was used for fabrication and functionalization of PSi. Spin coated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used for functionalizing PSi surface. Morphological and structural studies were conducted to analyze samples using SEM and XRD/Raman spectroscopy respectively. Contact angle measurements were performed for assessing the wettability of the surfaces. PSi and functionalized PSi samples were tested as sensors in presence of different analytes like ethanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and water vapors in the range of 50–500 ppm. Electrical measurements were taken from parallel aluminium electrodes fabricated on the functionalized surface, using metal mask and thermal evaporation. Functionalized PSi sensors in comparison to non-functionalized sensors depicted selective and enhanced response to water vapor at room temperature. The results portray an efficient and selective water vapor detection at room temperature. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Superlattices and Microstructures

Polymer functionalized nanostructured porous silicon for selective water vapor sensing at room temperature

The back-gate bias-dependent gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) and gate current models of ultrathin body (UTB) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs are proposed. From the experimental data, the GIDL current depends on the back bias due to the electric field change in the channel/drain junction. This effect is modeled using effective gate bias as the threshold voltage shifts. The back-gate bias-dependent gate current is also analyzed and modeled. The voltage across the oxide and available charges for tunneling are the important factors. In accumulation bias condition, the gate leakage is mainly flowing through the overlap region, while in inversion bias condition the current is tunneling from the gate to the channel. Both back bias-dependent GIDL and gate current models are implemented into industry standard compact model Berkeley Short-channel IGFET Model-Independent Multi-Gate for UTB SOI transistors. The model is in good agreement with the experimental data. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

Modeling of Back-Gate Effects on Gate-Induced Drain Leakage and Gate Currents in UTB SOI MOSFETs

The popularity of high dynamic range (HDR) imaging has grown in both academic and private research sectors. Since the native visualization of HDR content still has its limitations, the importance of dynamic range compression (i.e., tone-mapping) is very high. This paper evaluates observers' preference of experience in context of image tone-mapping. Given the different nature of natural and computer-generated content, the way observers perceive the quality of tone-mapped images can be fundamentally different. In this paper, we describe a subjective experiment attempting to determine users' preference with respect to these two types of content in two different viewing scenarios - with and without the HDR reference. The results show that the absence of the reference can significantly influence the subjects' preferences for the natural images, while no significant impact has been found in the case of the synthetic images. Moreover, we introduce a benchmarking framework and compare the performance of selected objective metrics. The resulting dataset and framework are made publicly available to provide a common test bed and methodology for evaluating metrics in the considered scenario. © 2016 IEEE.

IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Signal Processing

Preference of Experience in Image Tone-Mapping: Dataset and Framework for Objective Measures Comparison

In this paper, a novel design of compact chipless identification tag using half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) cavity resonator is proposed. The proposed tag utilizes tuning of resonant frequency of HMSIW resonator using a metallic post in the cavity. The tuning post perturbs the electric field inside the cavity and as a result, the resonant frequency of the cavity shifts towards higher frequency corresponding to different locations of the tuning post. This shifting of the resonant frequency based on different tuning post location is utilized as signature of individual tag in this design. The proposed design retains constant size for all combination of identification tag which makes it suitable for practical applications. For transmitting and receiving of signal, the proposed design uses a printed dipole antenna which is fed by a small SIW section. The use of half mode SIW cavity helps to improve the compactness of the tag. The overall tag consisting of printed dipole and HMSIW resonator is realized in a single substrate. The proposed chipless tag is very much suitable for Ka band applications. © 2017 IEEE.