Department of Electrical Engineering

&ldquo;IIT Jodhpur is committed to impart quality education to facilitate the creation of qualified, competent and responsible human resources to meet the emerging technological challenges of the world. It is working towards creating an equitable learning platform that is positive, accessible and effective in the face of the modern societal and scientific advancements.

Flexibility in curriculum, in all its academic programs, encompassing elements of teaching, research, creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship is the most unique feature of IIT Jodhpur. The Department of Science and Technology (DST), under the National Mission on Cyber Physical Systems, has identified IIT Jodhpur as a Technology &amp; Innovation Hub in the area of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality. The institute has also been nominated as the coordinator for the Jodhpur City and Knowledge Cluster by the Office of Principal Scientific Adviser, Government of India.

The sprawling 852-acre IIT Jodhpur campus is a majestic tribute to the deep-rooted diverse cultural heritage of the region. The campus is an architectural masterpiece, which is slated to become an international exemplar of sustainability with net-zero energy, and advanced water and waste management strategies.&rdquo;

IIT Jodhpur

In the present work, we report design, fabrication and testing of a novel DC MEMS switch incorporating a self-encapsulated and recessed micro-cantilever beam. Wafer level anodic bonding with press-on contacts between silicon and glass is used innovatively to secure the recessed cantilever beam from one side. The cantilever is made of single crystal silicon in a recessed cavity whereas actuating electrode and signal lines are formed on corning glass. Anodic bonding provides “press on contacts” between silicon and glass plate and also secures the cantilever beam in the recessed cavity in silicon. The signal lines and pull-in electrode are formed on the glass plate using aluminium metallization while the cantilever has a gold pad at its tip. The anodic bonding provides three major advantages (i) it encapsulates the fragile beam and thus protects it from damage during dicing and packaging process (ii) it provides press-on contact between signal lines on glass plate and bonding pads on silicon (iii) it makes the beam optically visible. The devices were simulated using COMSOL multiphysics software and the results were compared with experimentally measured values. The cantilever based switch operates at low actuation voltage (average ~ 12 V) indicating that it can be used for power electronic circuits and various other applications. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

World University root node

Microsystem Technologies

Self-encapsulated DC MEMS switch using recessed cantilever beam and anodic bonding between silicon and glass

Studies in Systems, Decision and Control

Preface

Modern engineering education is increasingly assuming an interdisciplinary character, where developments in one area almost invariably affect other areas. A prominent example is that of signal processing, which has undergone significant changes with the emergence of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) in recent years. While the impact of ML/DL is clearly visible from the viewpoint of research and development as well as industrial applications, it is not immediately clear how signal processing education should evolve in terms of pedagogy and content. Hence, the main purpose of this article is to provide some insight into this aspect. In particular, we emphasize that the introduction and popularity of ML/DL, especially at the level of teaching, has provided an opportunity to bring the focus back to some of the fundamental ideas rooted in signal processing and other related fields of study. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Signal Processing Magazine

The Transition from White Box to Black Box: Challenges and Opportunities in Signal Processing Education

This article presents a new event-triggering based design of sliding mode control (SMC) for the control of a dynamical system against external perturbations. This triggering mechanism aims to generate a sparser sampling pattern than the existing one while achieving the minimum resource utilization. The triggering mechanism employs scalar dynamics, hence it is called the dynamic event-triggering mechanism, which acts as a filter for the triggering condition. The output of this dynamics is used in the event condition in addition to a constant threshold while the part of the event function is fed as an input to this filter. The existing design algorithms for event-triggered SMC may not guarantee an increase in the inter event time for the dynamic event-triggering strategy. An alternative approach to this is proposed for the design of dynamic triggering based SMC where we partially relax the dependency of SMC gain on the event parameter without affecting the steady-state performance for the closed-loop system. It is shown that the proposed design achieves a larger inter event time leading to a sparser triggering sequence. We guarantee the stability by showing the convergence of state trajectories of the closed-loop system within any desired bound around the origin for the proposed triggering mechanism, and also the absence of the Zeno phenomenon in the triggering sequence is established. Finally, an illustration of the proposed scheme is presented in a simulation study for a mass-spring-damper system. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control

Dynamic event-triggering based design of sliding mode control

Heavy metal ions are highly toxic, carcinogens, and non-biodegradable in nature and pollute most water resources that lead to severe health-related issues. It is essential to develop highly sensitive, selective, rapid, and accurate approaches for their detection in water. Semiconducting devices and materials with micro and nanostructures have been featured with fast response time, low power, high sensitivity, low detection limit. This review concisely introduces the recent trends in heavy metal ion sensing with semiconductor devices, including ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) and AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and semiconductor materials like graphene, two-dimensional metal dichalcogenides, decorated with different nanoparticles with appropriate functionalization. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical

Development of semiconductor based heavy metal ion sensors for water analysis: A review

Gas sensor technology is widely utilized in various areas ranging from home security, environment and air pollution, to industrial production. It also hold great promise in non-invasive exhaled breath detection and an essential device in future internet of things. The past decade has witnessed giant advance in both fundamental research and industrial development of gas sensors, yet current efforts are being explored to achieve better selectivity, higher sensitivity and lower power consumption. The sensing layer in gas sensors have attracted dominant attention in the past research. In addition to the conventional metal oxide semiconductors, emerging nanocomposites and graphene-like two-dimensional materials also have drawn considerable research interest. This inspires us to organize this comprehensive 2020 gas sensing materials roadmap to discuss the current status, state-of-the-art progress, and present and future challenges in various materials that is potentially useful for gas sensors. © 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Journal of Physics Condensed Matter

Gas sensing materials roadmap

In this article, we report the synthesis techniques of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) in open air atmosphere by pulse laser ablation (PLA) method using solid ZnO polycrystalline palette followed by fabrication of formaldehyde (HCHO) sensor. The crystalline phase and morphology of the obtained ZnO NPs were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. The XRD patterns showed that the NPs were polycrystalline structure with good crystallinity. The FESEM images revealed that the NPs were spherical in shape and loosely agglomerated. The average diameter of the NPs was in the range of 30-43 nm. Moreover, the ZnO NPs-based sensor exhibited excellent formaldehyde sensing performance at a temperature of 350 °C. The sensor exhibited a gas response of about 5.2 toward 300 ppm formaldehyde with 25 s response and 12 s recovery time. Furthermore, the ZnO NPs-based sensor exhibited excellent reliability and reproducibility to formaldehyde. On the other hand, the sensor showed high sensitivity of about 0.2% ppm {-{1}} to formaldehyde with a 50 ppm lower detection limit. In addition, the sensor showed an excellent linear relationship ( {R} {{2}} = {0.7948} ) between the response and the concentration of formaldehyde in the range of 50-400 ppm. This work demonstrates that PLA in open air is a rapid and cost-effective method for synthesizing metal oxide NPs for gas-sensing applications without the need for wet chemical routes. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

Fabrication of Fast and Reliable Pulse Laser-Ablated ZnO Nanoparticles-Based Formaldehyde Sensor

We have demonstrated a highly sensitive novel platform for real-time detection of Mercury (Hg2+) ions after successfully making silver nanowires (AgNWs)-MoS2 nanocomposite and functionalizing it over ungated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). The AlGaN/GaN HEMT structures were grown over the sapphire substrate using Molecular Beam Epitaxy. AgNWs-MoS2 nanocomposites were optimized for the device functionalization and 1:4 ratio was found highly sensitive for Hg2+ ions. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity towards Hg2+ ions of 1.604 mA/ppb and calculated its Limit of Detection (LoD) up to the range of 20 ppt. The observed sensitivity is highest among previously reported AlGaN/GaN fabricated HEMT based sensors for Mercury (Hg2+) ions detection and is well below the standard permissible limits as set by World Health Organization (WHO) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The enhancement in sensitivity is due to the enhanced surface to volume ratio of AgNW-MoS2 nanocomposite and the highly conductive nature of silver nanowires incorporated in MoS2. Moreover, we also performed sensing on real water samples of tap water and lake water. Further, we showed the smart sensing capability of our developed sensor by illustrating the Internet of Things (IoT) enabled system for next-generation heavy metal ion sensing. IEEE

Department of Mechanical Engineering

IEEE Internet of Things Journal

Mercury (II) Ion Detection using AgNWs-MoS2 Nanocomposite on GaN HEMT for IoT Enabled Smart Water Quality Analysis

In this work, a control technique based on self acculturative damped (SAD) filter for solar photovoltaic energy conversion systems tied to the grid is presented. Its performance is evaluated in a single-phase single-stage configuration. Initially, the power requirements of a nonlinear load at the grid side is fulfilled and the superfluous extra power is fed into grid network. The primary intention of the technique is to fully utilize the effectuated power from the PV module and fulfill the active power demand in the grid side even during adverse grid conditions. The InC method is employed for the operation of maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The performance is evaluated with the help of simulation on SIMULINK MATLAB. The results entail that IEEE-519 is followed strictly by the control scheme and also shows its excellent performance. © 2021 IEEE.

2021 International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFet 2021

Control Scheme for Single Phase Single Stage Solar PV Energy Conversion System

The prime facets for the control of grid integrated voltage source converters (VSC) during abnormal grid variations are the control of voltage as well as power quality. In this article, a unique control strategy is presented for the control of solar photovoltaic (PV) system interfaced to the grid utilizing an interweaved generalized integrator. A single-stage three-phase topology is considered. The primary purpose of control is to deliver the PV power to the grid even during various abnormal grid variations. During normal operation, the system delivers power at unity power factor. However, during variations in the grid voltage, the profile of the PCC voltage is maintained within prescribed limits by reactive power injection. Moreover, LVRT operation is undertaken during severe voltage sags. The utilization of the system is increased in the absence of PV generation during night, the VSC and dc link capacitor act as a distribution static compensator. Contrary to traditional control techniques, power quality of the system is not compromised. The achievements of the control are demonstrated through simulation as well as with hardware implementation. Furthermore, a comparative analysis, with the state-of-the-art techniques, is highlighted, which shows the efficacy of the presented control. © 1982-2012 IEEE.