Department of Electrical Engineering

&ldquo;IIT Jodhpur is committed to impart quality education to facilitate the creation of qualified, competent and responsible human resources to meet the emerging technological challenges of the world. It is working towards creating an equitable learning platform that is positive, accessible and effective in the face of the modern societal and scientific advancements.

Flexibility in curriculum, in all its academic programs, encompassing elements of teaching, research, creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship is the most unique feature of IIT Jodhpur. The Department of Science and Technology (DST), under the National Mission on Cyber Physical Systems, has identified IIT Jodhpur as a Technology &amp; Innovation Hub in the area of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality. The institute has also been nominated as the coordinator for the Jodhpur City and Knowledge Cluster by the Office of Principal Scientific Adviser, Government of India.

The sprawling 852-acre IIT Jodhpur campus is a majestic tribute to the deep-rooted diverse cultural heritage of the region. The campus is an architectural masterpiece, which is slated to become an international exemplar of sustainability with net-zero energy, and advanced water and waste management strategies.&rdquo;

IIT Jodhpur

To understand the spread of SARS-CoV2, in August and September 2020, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (India) conducted a serosurvey across its constituent laboratories and centers across India. Of 10,427 volunteers, 1058 (10.14%) tested positive for SARS-CoV2 anti-nucleocapsid (anti-NC) antibodies, 95% of which had surrogate neutralization activity. Three-fourth of these recalled no symptoms. Repeat serology tests at 3 (n = 607) and 6 (n = 175) months showed stable anti-NC antibodies but declining neutralization activity. Local seropositivity was higher in densely populated cities and was inversely correlated with a 30-day change in regional test positivity rates (TPRs). Regional seropositivity above 10% was associated with declining TPR. Personal factors associated with higher odds of seropositivity were high-exposure work (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, p value: 2.23, 1.92–2.59, <0.0001), use of public transport (1.79, 1.43–2.24, <0.0001), not smoking (1.52, 1.16–1.99, 0.0257), non-vegetarian diet (1.67, 1.41–1.99, <0.0001), and B blood group (1.36, 1.15–1.61, 0.001). © Naushin et al.

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eLife

Insights from a pan India sero-epidemiological survey (Phenome-india cohort) for SARS-CoV2

Flexible electronics have attracted wide attention for a variety of applications in the last few years; some based on components such as diodes and transistors have been reported earlier. This paper reports an optimized design of a flexible film bulk acoustic resonator suitable as a sensor for toluene gas detection with polyethylene terephthalate as flexible substrate. Aluminium nitride, lead zirconate titanate, and zinc oxide were chosen as the piezoelectric materials, and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coated electrode was placed on top to perform as a functional layer for sensing. Finite element modeling was used for the optimization of PDMS flexible film. The paper also reports the effect of different piezoelectric materials used, Bragg reflector stages and effect of PDMS layer thickness on the performance of the sensor. The optimal sensor configuration was obtained using Taguchi DoE and ANOVA techniques. For the optimized structure, simulated values of coupling coefficient, quality factor and figure of merit are 0.237574 (or 23.7574%), 991 and ~ 235, respectively. The sensor exposure to toluene in the concentrations from 0 to 500 ppm resulted in down shifting of its resonant frequency. Sensitivity of 12 kHz/ppm has been observed and reported. © 2021, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.

Journal of Electronic Materials

Optimization of a Flexible Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator-Based Toluene Gas Sensor

A novel approach for signal enhancement of electrochemical biosensors by incorporating mechanical vibrations has been developed. We report the electrochemical study of the ferricyanide and ferrocyanide ([Fe(CN)6]-3/-4) a redox couple, at room temperature (~25 °C), under the effect of mechanical vibrations of different frequencies applied to the sensor, for sensitivity enhancement. The experimental results showed a sensitivity enhancement of ~332% (from 3.125 nA μM-1 to 13.5 nA μM-1) at 88.75 Hz of vibration. This novel approach of signal sensitivity enhancement is also validated with antibody immobilization-based Vi antigen detection for typhoid assessment. The sensitivity enhancement up to ~15% is achieved for Vi antigen detection under the mechanical vibration of 120 Hz. The sensor is fabricated using microfabrication technology. The vibration-assisted ultrasensitive biosensing platform is also prototyped as a portable and Internet of Thing (IoT) enabled device, suitable for point-of-care applications. Detailed features of the prototype along with the test results are elaborated in the paper. © 2021 The Electrochemical Society ("ECS").

Journal of the Electrochemical Society

Sensitivity enhancement of electrochemical biosensor for point of care (POC) applications: Vi antigen detection as a case study

With the increased interest in smart cities and smart infrastructures, the need for energy conservation is increasing. Especially with the current electrical energy production mainly relying on nonrenewable resources, conservation of electrical energy is one of the challenging aspects across the globe. However, one can only perform energy conservation optimally by identifying consumption patterns at a granular level, which requires accurate and ubiquitous monitoring infrastructure. Because the electrical energy wastage can occur at any granularity (from a small house-hold appliance to grid-level wastage), the development of a low-cost, easy-to-install, and accurate power-monitoring infrastructure is need of the hour. Hence, in this article, we propose the developed designs for IoT-enabled power monitoring. First is the noninvasive power monitor with voltage connection. The second design introduces a novel split architecture with centralized voltage measurement, which removes the need for local voltage measurements. We have proposed the third and final version of the IoT-enabled power monitor to fulfill the need for three-phase power monitoring. Unlike first and second designs, this design can be used with noninvasive and invasive current sensors. The proposed architecture also supports essential features, such as secure data transfer. Developed devices transmit real-time data to the cloud server, which makes the data ubiquitously available anywhere and anytime. For analyzing the performance of the proposed architecture, the developed devices are deployed in real industrial scenarios. As an example use case, the electrical anomaly detection framework using the data collected is also explained, and the corresponding results are discussed. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

Development of a Novel IoT-Enabled Power- Monitoring Architecture with Real-Time Data Visualization for Use in Domestic and Industrial Scenarios

A high speed, low energy dynamic comparator using current recycling approach is proposed in this paper. The current flowing through the preamplifier during the regenerative phase is sensed and added to the regenerative nodes for high speed operation. The increment in power is further compensated using additional clock signal to prevent the full discharge of output nodes of the preamplifier. The comparator is designed and simulated in UMC 180 nm CMOS process at 1.8 V power supply. The performance of comparator is verified at different process corners. The designed comparator operates at a frequency of 500 MHz and consumes 162 fJ of energy. The variations in latency is observed from 10 ps to 1 ns for working range of 1 V. The Monte Carlo simulations are performed for 200 samples resulting in a mean offset of-0.0056 mV and standard deviation of 7.42 mV. © 2021 IEEE

Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems

A high speed, low energy comparator based on current recycling approach

This work introduces an anti-windup feedback second order generalized integrator (AWFSOGI) based direct power control for voltage source converter (VSC) in the grid integrated solar photovoltaic energy conversion system, for dynamic control of active and reactive powers fed into the grid. The primary aim of the control is to extract fundamental component from distorted grid conditions and to feed the power to the grid at UPF in the course of normal conditions. The control can also work towards maintaining the voltage profile by regulating the phase voltage with the help of reactive power injection and functioning a ride through operation. During all these operations, no trade-off occurs with the system power quality. The efficacy of the technique is shown in simulation and exemplified experimentally under adverse grid conditions. Under all these situations, the harmonics are well within limits according to the IEEE standard-519. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy

A Spontaneous Control for Grid Integrated Solar Photovoltaic Energy Conversion Systems with Voltage Profile Considerations

For an optimal operation of a three-phase single-stage grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) system, the steepest descent Laplacian regression (SDLR) based adaptive control technique is proposed in this brief. In this topology, the local loads are considered on CPI (Common Point of Interface). Therefore, the objectives of SDLR based control technique, are harmonics mitigation and power quality improvement of the grid currents. Moreover, an additional feature of DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) is also included in the control scheme. During the night, or when solar PV power generation is zero, then the voltage source converter and capacitor of DC-link are operated as DSTATCOM, which provides reactive power support to the grid. An effectiveness of SDLR based control is validated through experimentation. Here during testing, different types of adverse conditions are considered, such as solar insolation variation, unbalanced load condition, unbalances in grid voltages, etc. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs

Steepest Descent Laplacian Regression Based Neural Network Approach for Optimal Operation of Grid Supportive Solar PV Generation

In this paper, an artificial noise (AN) injection technique is incorporated in a free-space optical (FSO) communication system with the aim of enhancing the secrecy performance of the system. An intensity modulated direct detection (IM/DD) FSO link which is subjected to Malaga ($\mathcal {M}$) distributed turbulence with pointing errors is considered in this paper. The performance of FSO systems is evaluated by deriving novel closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP), strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC), and throughput of the system. By formulating a constrained optimization problem, we discuss an optimal power allocation strategy for throughput maximization in the considered system. It is shown through the results that the proposed technique is very effective in improving the secrecy performance of FSO systems. © 2009-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Photonics Journal

Artificial Noise Injection-Based Secrecy Improvement for FSO Systems

The single-stage DC–AC converters are capable of boosting the DC voltage and conversion to AC by incorporating the shoot-through state between the dead time intervals of traditional inverters. However, these suffer from second-order voltage and current reflections at the DC input side. The paper proposes a sliding mode control (SMC) based control of single-stage inverters. The proposed control is used to reduce second-order ripples currents (SRCs) by inductor impedance shaping which significantly reduces SRC propagation to the source. This improves the life span of source and converter components without any external ripple reduction circuitry. The proposed methodology is applied to two topologies-Quasi-ZSI, and Embedded Switched Boost Inverter. The proposed method is verified by simulation and experimentation. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Studies in Systems, Decision and Control

Control of Single Stage Inverters and Second-Order Ripple Regulation Using Sliding Mode Control

Wearable dosimeters form an essential part of the personnel protection scheme in work spaces such as defence, nuclear establishments, and medical fields with radiation hazard. In the current scenario where use of high energy ionizing radiation sources (nuclear sources) is indispensable, the need of radiation detectors is mandatory for measuring the dose received by the person exposed in his work space and also measure the dose for patients where nuclear radiation is used for treatment. Wearable dosimeters need to have some special requirements apart from being accurate, precise, and robust. These need to be light in weight and should cause no harm to the human body while it is touching the body or apparels. This paper comprises an introduction to dosimeters, key characteristics, important techniques used for detection of neutrons and X-rays and also mentions about a few potential companies involved in developing wearable dosimeters in these application areas. The techniques have been collated, described, compared and the need to detect neutrons and X-rays has been expressed keeping in mind the demand from the defence and medical disciplines. This review also contains artificial intelligence and internet of things which form the basis of trending and upcoming wearable dosimeters. © 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH