Department of Civil & Infrastructure Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

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ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Multiple-metal oxides anchored granular activated carbon based composite for fluoride removal

The 2015 drought in the Indo-Gangetic Plain posed new challenges related to food and water security and affected the lives of millions. All-India monsoon rainfall in 2015 was the tenth driest year on record (1906–2015) with a deficit of 14.5% and the Indo-Gangetic Plain witnessed a rainfall deficit of 25.8% (third rank event). Drought severity was amplified by deficits from the previous years in the Indo-Gangetic Plain and other parts of India. The Indo-Gangetic Plain faced a 2 year cumulative deficit of 51% and the drought of 2014–2015 was unprecedented with a return period of 542 years. The GRACE data showed the occurrence of consecutive negative terrestrial water storage and groundwater anomalies in 2014 and 2015, mainly centered over the Indo-Gangetic Plain region. Notwithstanding uncertainty in future projections, the multiyear droughts in the same regions can pose challenges for water resources and agriculture.

Geophysical Research Letters

On the frequency of the 2015 monsoon season drought in the Indo-Gangetic Plain

Characterization of turbulence in natural bed streams is one of the most fascinating problems of fluid dynamics. In this study, a statistical description of turbulence in a natural pebble bed flow is presented applying the laws of turbulence. A laboratory experiment was conducted to measure the three-dimensional instantaneous velocity components in a flow over heterogeneous coarse sediments that simulated a natural bed. The analysis reveals that the spectra (in Fourier space) show a power-law scaling, E(k) ∼ kα, suggesting the presence of inertial range turbulence. The exponent α is slightly shallower than the Kolmogorov 5/3 scaling law, with this deviation possibly due to the bed roughness heterogeneity and to fluctuation anisotropy. The Taylor frozen-in approximation is broken at smaller scales towards the roughness crest level; therefore, a new statistical tool for the validation of this approximation is proposed. The Kolmogorov 4/5-law for the longitudinal increments and simultaneously the Monin-Yaglom 4/3-law for the nonlinear normal fluxes (both in physical space) are preserved, providing an accurate estimation of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate. The heterogeneity of the bed acts to induce the transport of finite kinetic helicity to the outer layer through persistently prolonged vortices. An associated 2/15-law for the cascade of helicity has been locally found. These findings open a new direction in turbulence research for flows over highly rough beds. © 2016 Cambridge University Press.

Journal of Fluid Mechanics

Turbulence laws in natural bed flows

In the present study four different binders are tested on Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) to evaluate the effect of spindle diameter and plate gap on the rheological properties of asphalt binders. Frequency sweep tests are conducted on the binders from 10-70 °C by varying the spindle diameter and gap between the plates. It was found that the change in rheological properties with variation in spindle geometry and plate gap is more pronounced at higher temperatures and lower frequencies. These deviations in the properties with change in spindle attributes are found to be a function of stiffness of asphalt binder. It is also established from the study that the 25 mm diameter spindle geometry gives better and consistent results as compared to the 8 mm spindle geometry for the evaluation of the rheological properties of different asphalt binders. © 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Functional Pavement Design - Proceedings of the 4th Chinese-European Workshop on Functional Pavement Design, CEW 2016

Effect of spindle diameter and plate gap on the rheological properties of asphalt binders

The authors present the results and analysis of amplitude sweep tests done on 10 different asphalt binders using dynamic shear rheometer. The test was done from 30 to 70°C using a spindle geometry of 25 mm diameter with 1 mm gap setting. Matching function concept coupled with a three stage optimization procedure has been used to propose a new model for evaluating the complex modulus of bitumen at any given temperature and strain level. The model has been validated and is found to be fairly accurate for different types of binders. © 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Petroleum Science and Technology

Modelling the complex modulus strain relationship of asphalt binders

Transport of surface modified-NZVI particles in the subsurface porous media and its possible implications

Proceedings of the international conference on hydraulics, water resources {\ldots}

Foreseeing the agricultural and hydrological drought knowing the ongoing meteorological scenarios through wavelet analysis

A theory of sediment transport, describing the entrainment phenomenon from the grain scale to the continuum scale, under a steady-uniform flow over a sediment bed is presented. The sediment grains, assumed as discrete spherical grains, are subjected to turbulent wall-shear flows. At the grain scale, the forces acting on a sediment grain resting over three compact spherical grains are analysed to determine the criteria for entrainment threshold in rolling, sliding and lifting modes taking into account the turbulence effects. Comparison of the theoretical results with the experimental data shows that the entrainment threshold lies within the sliding and lifting modes. Then, at the grain scale, using the lognormal probability density function for the near-bed instantaneous horizontal velocity, the entrainment probabilities in rolling, sliding and lifting modes for a given grain size are derived. The rolling and sliding probabilities increase with an increase in Shields function and after attaining their individual maximum values, they reduce, whereas the lifting probability increases with Shields function. The maximum value of entrainment probability in rolling mode is close to the threshold Shields function in rough flow, whereas the entrainment probability in lifting mode initiates from the value of the threshold Shields function. In a continuum scale, the bedload flux is derived by hypothesising the saltating mode of sediment transport incorporating the lifting probability obtained at the grain scale. © 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Scour and Erosion - Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Scour and Erosion, ICSE 2016

Hydrodynamics of sediment transport: Grain scale to continuum scale

In this study, an analytical model for the transport of biofilm-coated sediment (bio-sediment) particles is developed. Experiments were conducted cultivating biofilm-coat around fine sediment particles (silt type) in an experimental flume for a specific period of time. The particle tracking velocimetry method was used to detect the saltation trajectory, the size of bio-flocs, and the flow velocity. A concentration meter was used to measure the concentrations of near-bed and suspended sediment transport. It was observed that the ratio of saltation length to saltation height for bio-flocs is greater than that for uncontaminated (without a biofilm-coat) sediment particles. The experimental data were used to calibrate the analytical model. A relationship for the bed-load transport rate of bio-sediments as a function of transport stage and particle parameters is proposed. Also, a formula for the reference concentration is given. Then, a computational scheme of bio-sediment transport (both bed-load and suspended-load transport) is furnished. © 2016 International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research.

Journal of Hydraulic Research

Transport of biofilm-coated sediment particles

Instability of pile foundations due to liquefaction of surrounding soil is considered as one of the vital cause of its failure. Many case studies are available, where pile foundations are subjected to severe damage due to liquefaction even though designed with good factor of safety. Assuming incorrect failure mechanism in design is probable reason for these failures. Earlier studies idealize pile as a column, and a buckling mode of failure is postulated as a failure mechanism. Lateral spreading during liquefaction can cause large lateral loads on the pile and induce a different failure mode. This is the focus of the present study. Here pile is idealized as a beam-column and failure analysis is performed against buckling as well as flexural instabilities. By considering flexural as well as buckling instabilities, a simplified approach to quantify the critical axial load on pile is formulated in the present paper. A case study is also presented to demonstrate the calculation of critical axial load. Results from the case study infer that, at certain level of lateral spreading piles fail in yielding rather than buckling, which needs to be given due consideration in the design of pile foundations in liquefiable soils. © ASCE.