Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering

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An experimental study of grain growth in an Al-Cu eutectic alloy has been made over a temperature range of 440 to 540 degree C and times up to 1006 h. The time exponent n in the kinetic law d equals (Kt)**n (d being grain size at time t and K is a material and temperature dependent constant) for both Al-rich and THETA (CuAl//2) phases are found to be 0. 10. The activation energies for grain growth in these phases are 158 and 148 kJ/mol respectively.

World University root node

Zeitschrift fuer Metallkunde/Materials Research and Advanced Techniques

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF GRAIN GROWTH IN A TWO-PHASE Al-Cu ALLOY.

Cavitation behavior during high temperature deformation of superplastic materials is reviewed. On the basis of cavitation, superplastic materials fall into two classes. In one, maximum cavitation occurs under the condition of optimum superplasticity. In another, cavitation is negligible under the condition of optimum superplasticity but significant cavitation occurs under other conditions. Often, grain boundary precipitates and second phases present provide the cavity nucleation sites. Because of the fine grain size, predominance of grain boundary sliding and high value of strain rate sensitivity, superplastic cavitation process has many important differences from creep cavitation. It is, therefore, important to identify those factors and understand the mechanisms which lead to superplastic cavitation and failure.

Res Mechanica: International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Materials Science

CAVITATION BEHAVIOR DURING HIGH TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION OF MICROGRAINED SUPERPLASTIC MATERIALS - A REVIEW.

Scripta Metallurgica

Evidence for cavitation during superplastic deformation of an AlCu eutectic alloy

Activation energy for superplastic deformation of an AlCu eutectic alloy

The microstructural aspects of the superplastic phenomenon are reviewed. The experimental results of a very large number of investigations are critically analysed in the context of: grain shape and size; grain growth; grain boundary sliding and migration, grain rotation and rearrangement; diffusion and dislocation activity. It is shown, that in spite of often conflicting evidence in the literature, a common pattern of microstructural behaviour emerges for all the materials and conditions investigated to date. © 1985 Chapman and Hall Ltd.

Journal of Materials Science

Microstructural aspects of superplasticity

The superplastic behaviour of a microduplex Fe–Cr–Ni (25·7Cr–6·6Ni) alloy was investigated in the as-worked, annealed, and prestrained conditions. In the early stages of deformation, flow stress depends significantly on strain, and also on the instantaneous microstructural state in the case of as-worked and annealed specimens. Under these conditions, the empirical parameters of the constitutive equation for superplastic deformation were found to depend systematically on strain. At 1000°C, strain hardening predominates, and this could be accounted for by grain growth and by the hardening produced by the noticeable dislocation activity. After suitable prestraining, steady-state deformation conditions may be attained; this may facilitate the collection of σ–ε data, which could then be used to assess the relative importance of the appropriate deformation mechanisms. © 1985 The Institute of Metals.

Materials Science and Technology (United Kingdom)

Influence of prior straining on superplastic behaviour of an Fe–Cr–Ni alloy

A fine grained microduplex steel (25. 7 Cr - 6. 6 Ni) was deformed in tension at 700-910 degree C over the strain rate range of 2 multiplied by 10** minus **6 to 2 multiplied by 10** minus **3 s** minus **1. Microstructural investigation was made after static and dynamic annealing. The grain growth and evolution toward equiaxed grain were faster during dynamic annealing as compared to those during static annealing. The former process dominates at higher temperatures and intermediate strain rates, but the observed strain hardening can only partly be accounted for by the grain growth.

CORRELATION BETWEEN MIRCOSTRUCTURAL INSTABILITY AND NON-STEADY FLOW DURING SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION OF A MICRODUPLEX STEEL.

Tensile specimens of the 7475 aluminum alloy were investigated in order to understand the mechanism of cavitation at different levels of strain. For this purpose a temperature and strain-rate pertinent to maximum level of cavitation were selected and the constant strain rate tests were interrupted at appropriate strain levels. This was supplemented with microstructural observations and density measurements. The percentage cavitation increases with strain in this alloy. The experimental result is assessed with respect to Stowell's model and plasticity-controlled hole growth.

CAVITY GROWTH DURING SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION IN 7475 ALUMINUM ALLOY.

Internal stresses were measured over ranges of grain size (11. 0 to 23. 4 mu m) and temperature (298 to 421 K). The internal stress decreases with temperature and increases with applied stress and grain size at a given temperature. Models of superplasticity such as diffusion controlled grain boundary sliding cannot account for such large magnitudes.

Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals

INTERNAL STRESSES IN SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION OF THE Pb-Sn EUTECTIC ALLOY.

A microduplex stainless steel (25.7 wt% Cr-6.6 wt% Ni) was investigated to examine grain growth during static annealing and superplastic deformation at 1000° C. The grain size at a constant strain rate of 1×10-4 sec-1 increases according to d ∼8t0.49 where d is the grain size and t is the time (in min) involved in deformation. Under the present test condition, the contribution of both static (time, tS) and dynamic (strain, ε) annealing appear to be significant and can be expressed by d∞0.19ε0.29. While the exponent of the first term is constant, the exponent of the second term may depend on the strain rate. Strain rate sensitivities were evaluated from differential strain rate tests for different initial grain sizes. Both strain rate sensitivity and grain size were noticed to increase with deformation. © 1983 Chapman and Hall Ltd.