Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

Organic field effect transistors (OFETs) have been widely explored for their popular applications in flat panel displays and various kinds of affordable sensors. The overall performance of the device depends on the quality of semiconductor-dielectric interface, and degree of crystalline order in the active layer, close to the above said interface. In the special league of solution processed OFETs, semicondutor: polymer blends have been reported as one of the best possible ways to achieve an intimate, uniform and defect free semiconductor-dielectric interface in a single step. In addition, degree of crystalline order can be further ameliorated through solvent vapor annealing (SVA), which essentially controls the evaporation time of the solvent. © 2016 IEEE.

World University root node

Device Research Conference - Conference Digest, DRC

Performance enhancement in TIPS-pentacene:PS blend organic field effect transistors by solvent vapor annealing

High-performance solution processed flexible organic field-effect transistors with 6,13(bis-triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene and polystyrene blend are demonstrated with high electro-mechanical stability. For -5 V operation, field-effect mobility up to 1.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 and threshold voltage as low as -0.1 V were obtained with high current on-off ratios of ~ 105 due to high quality dielectric-semiconductor interface developed during solvent evaporation. Stable electrical characteristics were achieved with increasing duration of mechanical strain, and after multiple cycles of tensile and compressive strain. Drain current decay of 10%, very large trapping time of ~108 s, and a very small threshold voltage shift of 0.3 V were observed during bias stress of 1 h, signifying low charge carrier trapping and a high quality of dielectric-semiconductor interface, which was retained largely after two days of continuous tensile strain. Moreover, after 100 cycles of tensile and compressive strain, the corresponding shift in threshold voltage due to bias stress was still ~ 0.5 V. Overall, a high performance and stability were demonstrated under collective effects of mechanical and electrical stress. © 1980-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Electron Device Letters

High Performance and Electro-Mechanical Stability in Small Molecule: Polymer Blend Flexible Organic Field-Effect Transistors

We report the impact of gamma irradiation on the performance of a gold Schottky-contacted ZnO nanorod-based hydrogen sensor. RF-sputtered vertically aligned highly c-axis-oriented ZnO NRs were grown on Si(100) substrate. X-ray diffraction shows no significant change in crystal structure at low gamma doses from 1 to 5 kGy. As gamma irradiation doses increase to 10 kGy, the single crystalline ZnO structure converts to polycrystalline. The photoluminescence spectra also shows suppression of the near-band emission peak and the huge wide-band spectrum indicates the generation of structural defects at high gamma doses. At 1 kGy, the hydrogen sensor response was enhanced from 67% to 77% for 1% hydrogen in pure argon at a 150 °C operating temperature. However, at 10 kGy, the relative response decreases to 33.5%. High gamma irradiation causes displacement damage and defects in ZnO NRs, and as a result, degrades the sensor's performance as a result. Low gamma irradiation doses activate the ZnO NR surface through ionization, which enhances the sensor performance. The relative response of the hydrogen sensor was enhanced by ∼14.9% with respect to pristine ZnO using 1 kGy gamma ray treatment. © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Nanotechnology

Effect of gamma irradiation on Schottky-contacted vertically aligned ZnO nanorod-based hydrogen sensor

In this paper a comparative study of primary side control strategies for a series-series compensated inductive power transfer (IPT) system has been presented. Since output power of an IPT system is directly affected by deviation from perfect tuning condition, only narrow frequency-range control techniques has been considered for the comparison purposes. For this purpose Symmetrical voltage cancellation, Asymmetrical voltage cancellation and Asymmetrical duty cycle control have been applied to an IPT system prototype built in the lab. Comparison has been made on the basis of their capability to maintain zero voltage switching condition for the entire range of output voltage regulation. Simulation and experimental results have been presented in support of the theories presented in this paper. © 2016 IEEE.

IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics

Comparative study on primary side control strategies for series-series compensated inductive power transfer system

Event-triggered control has a greater significance in networked control system (NCS) as it minimizes communication cost. The present paper introduces a novel event-based robust control framework for linear uncertain system. The robust control law is designed by solving an optimal control problem and realized thorough a dynamic event-triggering mechanism to reduce the communication traffic. A dynamic variable is used to generate the event-triggering law using Input-to-State Stability (ISS) criteria. Proposed control strategies ensure stability in the presence of bounded system uncertainties. Derivation of dynamic event-triggering rule with a non-zero positive inter-event time and corresponding stability criteria for uncertain system are the key contributions of this paper. The validation of proposed algorithm is carried out through a numerical simulation. © 2016, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fulltext

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Robust dynamic event-triggered control for linear uncertain system

This paper proposes a framework to design an event-triggered based robust control law for linear uncertain system. The robust control law is realized through both static and dynamic event-triggering approach to reduce the computation and communication usages. Proposed control strategies ensure stability in the presence of bounded matched and mismatched system uncertainties. Derivation of event-triggering rule with a non-zero positive inter-event time and corresponding stability criteria for uncertain event-triggered system are the key contributions of this paper. The efficacy of proposed algorithm is carried out through a comparative study of simulation results. © 2015 Chinese Automatic Control Society and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Asian Journal of Control

Model Based Robust Control Law for Linear Event-Triggered System

A conceptual design methodology is proposed for event-triggered based communication for wide-area damping controller in power systems. The event-triggering mechanism is adopted to reduce the communication burden between the origin of the remote signal and the wide-area damping controller (WADC) location. The remote signal is transmitted to the WADC only when an event-triggering condition based on a predefined system output, is satisfied. The triggering condition is derived from a stability criterion, and is monitored continuously by a separate event-monitoring unit located at the origin of the remote signal. The stability of the resulting closed-loop system is guaranteed via the input-to-state stability technique. The proposed event-triggered WADC is implemented on two typical test power systems - two area four machine and IEEE 39-bus 10-machine. The validation of proposed mechanism is carried out through non-linear simulation studies on MATLAB/Simulink platform. The numerical results show the efficacy of the controller in managing the communication channel usage without compromising the stated system stability objectives. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2016.

IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution

Event-triggered communication in wide-area damping control: A limited output feedbackbased approach

Generally, user authentication performs through user's Id and password. In this process, user id remains visible and password remains secret. But through shoulder surfing and other attacks, the password can also be traced due to exact password characters are typed or marked by users during login. To counter this vulnerability of tracing password, we propose a novel login method that does not reveal the user-id/password even if keylogging traces the typed keyboard's characters. We also do a security analysis to show that proposed mechanism is able to withstand a number of attacks and also mitigates some of the attacks. We also do a usability survey to show its feasibility among real-time users without compromising any security features. © 2016 ACM.

ACM International Conference Proceeding Series

Three steps secure login: A systematic approach

Reflection symmetry is present in most of the man-made or naturally formed objects. In computer vision, real-world scenes are represented by dense 3-D models or by 2-D projections, such as images captured by cameras. Most of the existing methods either detect reflection symmetry from dense 3-D models or 2-D projections. However, generating a dense 3-D model is a computationally expensive process and reflection symmetry may not be evident in any of the 2-D views obtained through projections. In this letter, we propose an energy minimizationbased approach to detect the reflection symmetry present in the object from its multiple 2-D projections captured from different viewpoints and the sparse 3-D model obtained using these projections. The proposed approach only estimates the sparse 3-D model and utilizes content of the images in terms of local scale invariant features. The energy minimization problem reduces to the problem of finding the eigenvector corresponding to the smallest eigenvalue of a small matrix, thereby leading to reduction in computations. © 2016 IEEE.

IEEE Signal Processing Letters

Revealing Hidden 3-D Reflection Symmetry

The moving population inversion gratings formed due to spatial hole burning inside a semiconductor ring laser gyroscope causes nonlinear coupling of the counter-traveling modes. We mathematically demonstrate this phenomenon using Perturbation Theory and calculate the limit imposed by it on the sensitivity of inertial rotation. © 2016 IEEE.