Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

This paper presents a noise-aided dynamic range compression algorithm using a stochastic resonance model in spatial domain. An input statistics-dependent stochastic resonance (ISSR) model, that is designed for contrast enhancement of dark images, is used here to enhance an image with both bright and dark areas. The underilluminated regions of such an image are selected as the De Vries Rose region from a human visual system-based segmentation algorithm, and then processed using the ISSR model. It is observed that by semi-adaptively changing the processing parameters with iteration, the processed dark regions and the unprocessed bright regions of an image smoothly merge producing a quality of dynamic range compression in the image. The performance of the proposed algorithm is characterized using image quality index for tone-mapped images and a no-reference perceptual quality measure. Results and comparative analysis suggest notable performance of the proposed algorithm with fewer iteration. © 2015 IEEE.

World University root node

Noise-aided dynamic range compression using selective processing in a statistics-dependent stochastic resonance model

Objective quality assessment methods use a computational (mathematical) model to provide estimates of subjective video quality. While such objective models may not mimic subjective opinions accurately in a general scenario, they can be reasonably effective in specific conditions/applications. Hence, they can be an important tool toward automating the testing and standardization of high dynamic range (HDR) video processing algorithms, especially when subjective tests may not be feasible. Therefore, this chapter deals with objective quality assessment of HDR content and elaborates on the issues and challenges that arise. We also discuss and present details of the existing efforts on the topic. Particularly, the focus is on full-reference HDR metrics which take as input two HDR signals (one of them is always assumed to be the reference). Hence, in the context of this chapter, the term "quality" can also be interpreted as "fidelity," and both can be used interchangeably. Another use case is that of comparing HDR and low dynamic range signals, and this is needed, for instance, when HDR content is tone-mapped to be rendered on a low dynamic range display. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.

High Dynamic Range Video: From Acquisition to Display and Applications

HDR Image and Video Quality Prediction

This paper reports selective acetone sensing portrayed by functionalized nano-porous silicon (PS). Functionalization of nanostructure was performed using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). Nano-PS fabrication and morphology analysis were done using electrochemical etching and SEM respectively. Optical properties of PS were analyzed using Raman and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Parallel aluminium electrodes were formed on nano-PS surface using thermal evaporation technique. These electrodes were used for recording electrical measurements from porous surface in presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and moisture. Resistance variations due to interaction of sensing surface with different concentrations of ethanol, acetone, moisture and isopropyl alcohol vapors were monitored at room temperature. Various sensor parameters were calculated like sensitivity, response- and recovery-time. Sensor based on functionalized nano-PS was found to be most responsive for acetone in comparison to other VOCs or moisture. Since, acetone is one of the important metabolite components in the circulated blood of the human body therefore, its concentration determination is necessary. The approach for selective sensing presented in this work is simple and low cost. © 2015 IEEE.

12th IEEE International Conference Electronics, Energy, Environment, Communication, Computer, Control: (E3-C3), INDICON 2015

Selective acetone electrical detection using functionalized nano-porous silicon

Nonminimum phase output tracking has been addressed for a fixed-wing micro aerial vehicle. Nonminimum phase characteristics in an aircraft result from the fact that the process of generating upward vertical motion produces an initial downward force, causing the aircraft to lose altitude momentarily, and vice versa. This phenomenon leads to unstable internal dynamics in the plant model. A dynamic sliding-surface-based sliding mode control is chosen to stabilize the internal dynamics and to provide asymptotic output tracking error convergence to zero with desired eigenvalue placement. The control is designed in such a way that the output of the plant model should track a nonlinear time-varying reference trajectory generated at every time instant with a finite number of nonzero time derivatives. Design of second-order sliding-mode-based super twisting controller which ensures finite-time stability of the internal dynamics is proposed in this work. The proposed control methodology is applied in the design of an autolanding controller for a micro aerial vehicle with nonminimum phase behavior. MATLAB-based simulation results and discussions are presented to evaluate the performance of the controller and robustness of the sliding mode with respect to matched and unmatched disturbances. The proposed control algorithm has been successfully implemented in hardware-in-the-loop simulation and results are given. © Institution of Mechanical Engineers.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering

Tracking control for nonminimum phase MIMO micro aerial vehicle - A dynamic sliding manifold approach

This paper proposes a new algorithm for restoration of gray scale images corrupted by salt and pepper noise(SPN). The proposed algoritm identifies a pixel as noisy if its intensity value is 0 or 255 and processes it using pixels in a 3×3 window. If the window consists of noisy and non-noisy pixels, then the pixel to be processed is replaced with the trimmed median value of the non-noisy pixels. However, if only noisy pixels are there in the window then their mean value is used to process the pixel. The proposed method uses processed (i.e. the de-noised) pixels in the window while processing the noisy pixels and shows significantly better performance, particularly at high noise density, as compared to various methods reported in literature. Experimental results show improvements both visually and quantitatively compared to other reported methods. © 2015 IEEE.

2015 5th National Conference on Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition, Image Processing and Graphics, NCVPRIPG 2015

An enhanced decision based Unsymmetric Trimmed Median Filter for removal of high density salt and papper noise

This paper presents a system based on Seismocardiography (SCG) to monitor the heart sound signal for the long-term. It uses an accelerometer, which is of small size and low weight and, thus, convenient to wear. Such a system should also be robust to various noises which occur in real life scenarios. Therefore, a detailed analysis is provided of the proposed system and its performance is compared to the performance of the Phoncardiography (PCG) system. For this purpose, both signals of five subjects were simultaneously recorded in clinical and different real life noisy scenarios. For the quantitative analysis, the detection rate of fundamental heart sound components, S1 and S2, is obtained. Furthermore, a quality index based on the energy of fundamental components is also proposed and obtained for the same. Results show that both the techniques are able to acquire the S1 and S2, in clinical set-up. However, in real life scenarios, we observed many favourable features in the proposed system as compared to PCG, for its use for long-term monitoring. © 2016 Taylor & Francis.

Journal of Medical Engineering and Technology

Performance analysis of seismocardiography for heart sound signal recording in noisy scenarios

Noise suppression from the phonocardiogram (PCG) signal is important to improve the diagnostic efficiency. For the PCG signal, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based denoising method has been used extensively due to its good performance. However, the performance of this method depends on the threshold value and the way to apply it on the wavelet coefficients. Therefore, in this paper, an adaptive method is proposed to estimate the threshold value for the shrinking of the wavelet coefficients of the PCG signal. For this purpose, a new statistical parameter is obtained by incorporating medical domain knowledge about the PCG. The threshold value is estimated based on the statistical analysis of the wavelet coefficients and the present level of noise. Further, to overcome the issues related to existing threshold functions, soft and hard, new threshold functions, mid and non-linear mid are presented. The proposed method is applied to the PCG signal contaminated with simulated white Gaussian noise, red noise, and pink noise. The obtained results of the proposed method are compared with the results of state-of-The-Art methods and they show the superiority of the proposed method. © 2016 IEEE.

International Conference on Digital Signal Processing, DSP

An adaptive method for shrinking of wavelet coefficients for phonocardiogram denoising

Flexible organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with TIPS-pentacene: polystyrene (PS) blend are demonstrated to exhibit enhanced mobility and significantly improved electrical stability compared to neat TIPS-pentacene on poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) dielectric (bi-layer OFETs), along with high mechanical stability. Due to merit of high quality dielectric-semiconductor interface, pristine TIPS-pentacene: PS blend OFETs exhibited maximum mobility of 0.93 cm2 V-1 s-1 with average of 0.44(±0.25) cm2 V-1 s-1 compared to 0.14(±0.10) cm2 V-1 s-1 for bi-layer OFETs with high current on-off ratios on the order 105 for both. Both types of devices exhibited high electrical stability upon bending with increasing magnitude of strain or its duration up to 5 days. However, significant differences in electrical stability of devices were observed upon applying constant bias-stress for 40 min to 1 h. Pristine blend devices exhibited outstanding electrical stability with very low drain current decay of &lt;5% compared to ∼30% for bi-layer devices. Even upon bias-stress after 5 days of bending, the drain current decay levels were only changed to &lt;10% and ∼50% for blend and bi-layer devices respectively. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Organic Electronics

Performance enhancement in mechanically stable flexible organic-field effect transistors with TIPS-pentacene:polymer blend

Traditionally, the convergence rate of the sliding variable given by a discrete reaching law has been fixed in nature. This paper presents a generalized algorithm for discrete time sliding mode control systems which offers a flexible convergence rate for the sliding variable. For analysis, we use the recently developed band approach method which gives us the values of the parameters in the algorithm for the desired convergence to take place, once the ultimate band is chosen appropriately. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.

Automatica

A generalized reaching law with different convergence rates

A controller to mitigate the destabilizing effect of constant power load (CPL) is proposed for a DC/DC buck–boost converter. The load profile has been considered to be predominantly of CPL type. The negative incremental resistance of the CPL tends to destabilize the feeder system, which may be an input filter or another DC/DC converter. The proposed sliding mode controller aims to ensure system stability under the dominance of CPL. The effectiveness of the controller has been validated through real-time simulation studies and experiments under various operating conditions. The controller has been demonstrated to be robust with respect to variations in supply voltage and load and capable of mitigating instabilities induced by CPL. Furthermore, the controller has been validated using all possible load profiles, which may arise in modern-day DC-distributed power systems. © 2016 KIPE.