Department of Electrical Engineering

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Power line communication (PLC) has recently grabbed the attention of the researchers owing to its huge potential to provide high speed access to video and data. Since power lines were not initially designed for communication purposes, they offer a difficult communication environment in the form of impulsive noise and multiplicative noise, in addition to the background noise. This elucidates the need for evaluating the performance of PLC systems by taking into account all these factors. In this paper, we study the performance of a PLC system in the presence of Rayleigh channel gain under the combined effects of Nakagami-m distributed background noise with nonuniformly distributed phase and Middleton class A distributed impulsive noise. We evaluate closed-form expressions of the analytical average bit error rate for different cases depending on the presence or absence of impulsive noise and channel gain. We provide a further insight into the system by obtaining the diversity of the PLC system. Our analysis is validated by a close matching with the simulation results. © 2016 IEEE.

World University root node

IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference

PLC performance evaluation with non-uniform background noise phase

In this paper, effects of different shapes of periodic slots etched on the broad wall of a via-less substrate integrated waveguide leaky wave antennas are presented. Different shapes of the slots namely circular, elliptical, rectangular and triangular are considered. A comparative performance study based on gain, radiation efficiency and scan range of the antenna for the different shapes is studied over X-band frequency range. Several structures are fabricated. 50 ω microstrip lines are used to excite the antennas. It is observed that the rectangular shaped slot is the best choice if higher gain, radiation efficiency and wide scan range including the stopband is considered. Measured results match well with simulated results. © 2015 IEEE.

2015 IEEE Applied Electromagnetics Conference, AEMC 2015

A comparative study on substrate integrated waveguide periodic leaky wave antennas with differently shaped periodic slots

RF MEMS devices are known to be superior to their solid state counterparts in terms of power consumption and electromagnetic response. Major limitations of MEMS devices are their low switching speed, high actuation voltage, larger size, and reliability. In the present paper, a see-saw single pole double throw (SPDT) RF MEMS switch based on anchor-free mechanism is proposed which eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages. The proposed switch has a switching time of 394 nsec with actuation voltage of 5 V. Size of the SPDT switch is reduced by utilizing a single series capacitive switch compared to conventional switches with capacitive and series combinations. Reliability of the switch is improved by adding floating metal and reducing stiction between the actuating bridge and transmission line. Insertion loss and isolation are better than -0.6 dB and -20 dB, respectively, for 1 GHz to 20 GHz applications. © 2016 Deepak Bansal et al.

Fulltext

Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Low Actuating Voltage Spring-Free RF MEMS SPDT Switch

The extended describing function (EDF) is a well-known method for modelling resonant converters due to its high accuracy. However, it requires complex mathematical formulation effort. This paper presents a simplified non-linear mathematical model of series-series (SS) compensated inductive power transfer (IPT) system, considering zero-voltage switching in the inverter. This simplified mathematical model permits the user to derive the small-signal model using the EDF method, with less computational effort, while maintaining the accuracy of an actual physical model. The derived model has been verified using a frequency sweep method in PLECS. The small-signal model has been used to design the voltage loop controller for a SS compensated IPT system. The designed controller was implemented on a 3.6 kW experimental setup, to test its robustness. © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI.

Energies

Linearization and control of series-series compensated inductive power transfer system based on extended describing function concept

The position of a magnetic null in the coupling profile of a charging pad decides the operating area over which power transfer can take place. For circular charging pads, employing an Archimedean spiral, a magnetic null occurs at a misalignment distance equal to about 40% of the pad diameter (or 70% of the coil's diameter) irrespective of the coil separation. However, this is true only for identically sized (symmetrical) coil pairs. In this paper, five different unsymmetrical coil-pairs were investigated to determine their magnetic characteristics. It was found that the position of magnetic null shifts with the changing air-gap for unsymmetrical coil-pairs. By operating the coils in an unsymmetrical coil-pair at a distinct separation, a relatively wider charging zone can be obtained as compared to the symmetrical coil-pair. © 2016 IEEE.

IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power, WoW 2016

Investigating the magnetic characteristics of unsymmetrical coil pair employing archimedean spiral for EV battery charging

In the present work, silicon based micromixer microfluidic devices have been fabricated in silicon substrates of 2-inch diameter. These devices are of 2-input and 1-output port configuration bearing channel depth in the range 80–280 µm. Conventional reactive ion etching (RIE) process used in integrated circuit fabrication was modified to get reasonably high silicon etch rate (~1.2 µm/min). It was anticipated that devices with channel depth in excess of 150 µm would become weak and susceptible to breakage. For such devices, a bonded pair of silicon having a 0.5 µm SiO2 at the bonded interface was used as the starting substrate. The processed silicon wafer bearing channels was anodically bonded to a Corning® 7740 glass plate of identical size for fluid confinement. Through-holes for input/output ports were made either in Si substrate or in glass plate before carrying out anodic bonding. Micro-channels were characterized using stylus and optical profiler. Surface roughness of the channel was observed to increase with increasing channel depth. The devices were packaged in a polycarbonate housing and pressure drop versus flow rate measurements were carried out. Reynolds number and friction factor were calculated for devices with 82 µm deep channels. It was observed that up to 25 sccm of gas and 10 ml/min of liquid, the flow was laminar in nature. It is envisaged that using bonded silicon wafer pair and combination of RIE and wet etching, it is possible to get an etch stop at the SiO2 layer of the bonded silicon interface with much smaller value of surface roughness rendering smooth channel surface. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Microsystem Technologies

Micro-mixer device with deep channels in silicon using modified RIE process: fabrication, packaging and characterization

In this paper, an output feedback stabilization of perturbed double-integrator systems using super-twisting control (STC) is studied. It is shown that when STC is implemented based on super-twisting observer (STO), then it is not possible to achieve second-order sliding mode (SOSM) using continuous control on the chosen sliding surface. Two methodologies are proposed to circumvent the above-mentioned problem. In the first method, control input is discontinuous, which may not be desirable for practical systems. In the second method, continuous STC is proposed based on higher order sliding mode observer (HOSMO) that achieves SOSM on the chosen sliding surface. For simplicity, we are considering here only the perturbed double integrator, which can be generalized for an arbitrary-order systems. Numerical simulations and experimental validation are also presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 1982-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Implementation of Super-Twisting Control: Super-Twisting and Higher Order Sliding-Mode Observer-Based Approaches

In this paper, a multirate output feedback (MROF) based discrete-time sliding mode control for the stochastic system with slowly varying bounded uncertainty is proposed. The states are estimated by the multirate Kalman filter and are used for designing the stochastic sliding mode controller which guarantee the stability under the bounded uncertainty and the uncertain noise covariance. The proposed algorithm has advantage of computational and implementation simplicity as it requires only the past output and input information. The stochastic sliding band (SSB) is also calculated which is found to be wider as compared to the state feedback case. Finally, the design procedure for stochastic sliding mode controller is demonstrated with an illustrative example. © 2016 by ASME.

Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control, Transactions of the ASME

Multirate Output Feedback Based Stochastic Sliding Mode Control

Event-triggering strategy is one of the real-time control implementation techniques which aims at achieving minimum resource utilisation while ensuring the satisfactory performance of the closed-loop system. In this paper, we address the problem of robust stabilisation for a class of nonlinear systems subject to external disturbances using sliding mode control (SMC) by event-triggering scheme. An event-triggering scheme is developed for SMC to ensure the sliding trajectory remains confined in the vicinity of sliding manifold. The event-triggered SMC brings the sliding mode in the system and thus the steady-state trajectories of the system also remain bounded within a predesigned region in the presence of disturbances. The design of event parameters is also given considering the practical constraints on control execution. We show that the next triggering instant is larger than its immediate past triggering instant by a given positive constant. The analysis is also presented with taking delay into account in the control updates. An upper bound for delay is calculated to ensure stability of the system. It is shown that with delay steady-state bound of the system is increased than that of the case without delay. However, the system trajectories remain bounded in the case of delay, so stability is ensured. The performance of this event-triggered SMC is demonstrated through a numerical simulation. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

International Journal of Control

Event-triggered sliding mode control for a class of nonlinear systems

High dynamic range (HDR) and wide color gamut video processing have started to receive significant research attention in recent years, especially in relation to content generation and processing. However, displaying such content is still a challenge, and efforts are required to make their deployment possible at consumer levels. While the emergence of locally backlit displays has helped to achieve higher contrast in the display of traditional low dynamic range videos, their use for displaying HDR videos is nontrivial. This chapter, therefore, aims to first identify a few challenges in this area. It then outlines a new dual modulation algorithm for the rendering of HDR content. It also discusses practical lessons that can be helpful toward the rendering of more accurate and visually appealing HDR content. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.