Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

We present a mathematical analysis and comparison of the performance of integrated on-chip semiconductor ring laser gyroscope (SRLG) fabricated using GaAs/AlGaAs and InP/InGaAsP technologies. The performance parameters of the gyro are modeled in terms of fundamental material, waveguide, and resonator parameters. In addition to this, influence of phenomena specific to semiconductor lasers such as nonlinear coupling, spatial hole burning, gain grating formation, and carrier induced index change on the gyro performance is also included. The analysis helps in identifying critical parameters, which must be optimized to improve the gyro performance.Best achievable performance of integrated SRLG is calculated, and design modifications are suggested to enhance it for high-performance military applications. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

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Journal of Lightwave Technology

Performance Evaluation of Integrated Semiconductor Ring Laser Gyroscope

In this paper, control and operation of a microgrid having inverter based solar photovoltaic (PV) and diesel engine is presented. The microgrid is designed to meet rural applications. In the proposed microgrid, a water pumping system is considered as a dump load for ensuring economic operation of microgrid. Three scenarios i.e fully loaded, partially loaded and lightly loaded are considered to evaluate the performance of proposed microgrid. In fully loaded condition, PV operates at MPPT for extraction of maximum power and the diesel generator is operating at rated power. In second scenario, when the power demand is less, PV operates in de-rating mode to avoid operation of diesel generator below minimum operating limits; and thus ensures economical operation of the microgrid. However in lightly loaded condition or in case of low solar irradiation when PV power is already close to zero; a dump load is turned ON to ensure the operation of diesel generator in proper technical range. The paper shows the control of water pump as per the available demand and generation. To verify the performance of the proposed system, simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment is performed and it is concluded that proposed microgrid with water pumping system as dump load ensures economical operation of microgrid. © 2017 IEEE.

2017 International Conference on Computer, Communications and Electronics, COMPTELIX 2017

An active power management strategy in a microgrid having static and rotating generators considering generation limits using water pumping loads

Depth map estimation forms an integral part of many applications such as 2D-to-3D creation. There exists various methods in literature for depth map estimation using different cues and structure. Usually, depth information is decoded from these cues at the edges and matting is applied to spread it over neighboring regions. Defocus is one such cue due to its natural existence and does not require any precondition compared to other cues. However, there can exist regions in images with no edges. These regions are referred to hole regions and are the main source of error in estimated depth map. In this paper, we propose a method to correct some of these errors to obtain an accurate depth map. The proposed method uses color uniformity principle to detect hole regions present in depth map. We also provide a framework to identify falsely detected holes in order to increase effectiveness of our method. © 2017 IEEE.

International Conference on Digital Signal Processing, DSP

Hole correction in estimated depth map from single image using color uniformity principle

Over-segmentation of an image into superpixels has become an useful tool for solving various problems in computer vision. Reflection symmetry is quite prevalent in both natural and man-made objects. Existing algorithms for estimating superpixels do not preserve the reflection symmetry of an object which leads to different sizes and shapes of superpixels across the symmetry axis. In this work, we propose an algorithm to over-segment an image through the propagation of reflection symmetry evident at the pixel level to superpixel boundaries. In order to achieve this goal, we exploit the detection of a set of pairs of pixels which are mirror reflections of each other. We partition the image into superpixels while preserving this reflection symmetry information through an iterative algorithm. We compare the proposed method with state-of-the-art superpixel generation methods and show the effectiveness of the method in preserving the size and shape of superpixel boundaries across the reflection symmetry axes. We also present an application called unsupervised symmetric object segmentation to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2017 IEEE.

Proceedings - 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, ICCVW 2017

SymmSLIC: Symmetry Aware Superpixel Segmentation

In the rainy season, the climate fluctuation and rate of environmental change is very high. as well as the movement of clouds and water drops create a partial shaded situation on PV (photovoltaic) panel. Therefore, the extraction of maximum power from PV panel is the major challenge in the rainy season. This paper introduces a novel 'Improved Antlions Optimization' (IAO) algorithm for quick searching the maximum power point (MPP). The IAO algorithm is inspired to the hunting behavior of the antlion and the prey selection behavior of antlion is improved by using ranking technique. Therefore, IAO reaches the global maximum power point (GMPP) very quickly and suitable for online searching on hardware. Here, the IAO based GMPP tracking (GMPPT) algorithm on the five types of PV patterns, is tested in MATLAB simulation and verified on a developed hardware of the SPV system through comparison to the actual MPP. The satisfactory steady-state and dynamic performances of the IAO algorithm are demonstrated under variable irradiance and temperature during partial shaded conditions. © 2016 IEEE.

2016 IEEE 7th Power India International Conference, PIICON 2016

Maximum power extraction from partially shaded PV panel in rainy season by using improved antlions optimization algorithm

This work deals with the development of a new 'intelligent monkey king evolution (IMKE) algorithm' for maximum power peak (MPP) detection under partially shaded solar photovoltaic (SPV) conditions. The major advantages of the developed technique are simple in implementation, population free, extremely less memory requirement, zero algorithms constant dependence, fast convergence and perfect structure for the cheaper microcontroller. The proposed algorithm is performed on 10 types of power-voltage (P-V) pattern of partially shaded SPV array. Moreover, in the first stage, it is tested in MATLAB simulator after that verified on a developed hardware as well as compared with the state of the art methods. The satisfactory steady-state and dynamic performances of the IMKE algorithm at partially shaded SPV array shows the superiority over the state of the art control methods. © 2016 IEEE.

IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems, PEDES 2016

Maximum power peak detection of partially shaded PV panel by using intelligent monkey king evolution algorithm

This work deals with the development of an intelligent monkey king evolution (IMKE) algorithm for maximum power peak (MPP) detection under partially shaded condition in a solar photovoltaic (SPV) array. In IMKE algorithm, an additional intelligent decision taking ability is embedded with the monkey king evolution (MKE) algorithm, which magnifies all the options to closely observe the exact peak position. The MKE algorithm is good in terms of exploration and exploitation. However, the additional intelligent decision taking ability avoids the stagnation on local maxima and helps to quickly track the true global maximum position. The performance evaluation of IMKE algorithm is performed on ten types of power-voltage patterns of partially shaded SPV array, through MATLAB simulation, as well as through experimentation. Moreover, the effectiveness of all the results is verified through comparison with state-of-the-art methods. The satisfactory steady-state and dynamic performances of the IMKE algorithm on partially shaded SPV array show the superiority over the state-of-the-art maximum power point tracking methods. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications

Maximum Power Peak Detection of Partially Shaded PV Panel by Using Intelligent Monkey King Evolution Algorithm

The performance of a free-space optical (FSO) communication system is significantly affected by atmospheric turbulence (AT) and pointing errors (PEs) apart from the additive noise which follows the Gaussian distribution. Optical pre-amplifier is an essential component of FSO systems for improving the receiver sensitivity. However, optical pre-amplification results into amplified spontaneous emissions (ASEs) which dominate the receiver thermal and shot noises. The square law photodetection process at the receiver in a FSO system necessitates the consideration of Chi- square statistics for the decision variable; contrary to the Gaussian approximation that is widely used in literature. In this paper, we evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance of a FSO system assuming non-return-to-zero on-off keying modulation in the presence of ASE noise under Gamma-Gamma (ΓΓ) AT and PEs. We also derive an expression of asymptotic BER for the considered FSO system for large values of signal-to-noise ratio in terms of simple elementary functions. A further insight into the system is provided by performing the diversity analysis. © 2017 IEEE.

IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference

Performance of Optically Pre-Amplified FSO System under Gamma-Gamma Turbulence with Pointing Errors and ASE Noise

This article presents emulation of a programmable power electronic, constant power load (CPL) using a dc/dc step-up (boost) converter. The converter is controlled by a robust sliding mode controller (SMC). A novel switching surface is proposed to ensure a required power sunk by the converter. The proposed dc CPL is simple in design, has fast dynamic response and high accuracy, and offers an inexpensive alternative to study converters for cascaded dc distribution power system applications. Furthermore, the proposed CPL is sufficiently robust against the input voltage variations. A laboratory prototype of the proposed dc CPL has been developed and validated with SMC realised through OPAL-RT platform. The capability of the proposed dc CPL is confirmed via experimentations in varied scenarios. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

International Journal of Electronics

Emulating DC constant power load: a robust sliding mode control approach

A single phase inverter feeding AC loads injects a substantial pulsation of the second order harmonic current (SHC) ripple at DC link. Moreover, this ripple may propagate to the DC source in the absence of the suitable controller or large size DC link capacitor. This paper proposes a SHC ripple reduction technique based on the sliding mode control for the DC microgrid application. The control technique utilizes the concept of the output impedance shaping of the DC source in order to resist the propagation of the ripple to input. A non-isolated boost converter topology has been considered as a voltage booster. This converter feeds the single phase inverter loads, and also acts as the output impedance shaping tool of the source. The proposed control technique is verified using MATLAB-simulink. © 2016 IEEE.