Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

Cloud computing being promising and emerging technology for the next generation of IT applications which provides the storage and supports for outsourcing of data without having the native copy of data or files. Cloud computing service providers require a system which can handle a large number of requests at a time and is needed to be highly available. Major issue faces in cloud computing is Security and data retrieval. In data security an important problem is to prevent illegal modifications and data loss. But, for this it requires either data replication or on-demand computation of a function over the entire contract out data. Generally system keeps multiple copies of the blocks of data on different nodes by replication. Another issue is retrieval of data, whereas in the cloud computing environment it becomes particularly serious because the data is located in different places even in the entire globe. Load on system may increase when there is high demand of a data. In this, the main focus is on the problems of security, replication and availability of data. The proposed system use a fragmentation and sole replication (FASR) concept in the cloud to improve the security and data retrieval time rather than using traditional cryptographic techniques. It fragments the file, place every single fragment in distinct node and perform sole replication that is every fragment is replicated only once, to provide security. Particularly selection of primary node is done through hotbed measure, selection of node and placement of other fragments is done through T-coloring technique, which limits tampering of data. Thereby improve retrieval time for easy accessing of the fragments for reconstruction of original file on user request. In this user can download, update and upload the file again. User can also request for required fragments and can update, upload it to cloud. Another automatic updating technique is proposed which allow uploading of only updated fragment in the cloud node. FASR concept provides security; save time and automatic updating technique reduce the resource utilized. Non-cryptographic nature makes the system even faster. © 2016 IEEE.

World University root node

Proceedings of 2016 International Conference on Advanced Communication Control and Computing Technologies, ICACCCT 2016

Improve the data retrieval time and security through fragmentation and replication in the cloud

Automatic recognition of digital modulation schemes is becoming an active research area in many covert operations. It has many military applications where surveillance and electronic warfare requires a type of modulation in intercepted signal to prepare jamming signals. Most of the approaches are based on modulated signal's component, but the modulation type can be best identified with the use of constellation diagram. The proposed technique is able to recognize M-QAM, M-ASK, and M-PSK modulation scheme in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) environment. As the constellation points form clusters in the I-Q plane, the order of the modulation can be obtained by estimating the correct number of clusters, which is calculated by OPTICS algorithm. The least square error has been calculated using linear regression from the obtained constellation points, to identify either ASK or PSK and QAM. The error is least for ASK which differentiates ASK from PSK and QAM. To identify between the PSK and QAM, k-means clustering is employed to find the number of centroids equal to order of modulation estimated by OPTICS. With the difference in maximum and minimum absolute value of the centroids, PSK or QAM is recognized. The proposed method shows an improvement in the classification accuracy which reaches 100% using 1024 symbols at 20 dB compared to 98.89%, 98.05%, and 98% when using more complex classifiers like Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes Classifier, KNN respectively. The method used is unsupervised whereas most of the methods in the literature require training phase to set the thresholds or weights for final model to detect modulation type. This algorithm is also implemented in LabVIEW, and tested on real-time signals. An intelligent system is made which does not require any knowledge of symbol rate, carrier frequency, and any training phase to set thresholds, and detects the type of modulation blindly in real time. Modulated RF signals are generated by NI PXIe-5673 (RF transmitter). NI PXI 5600 is used to downconvert RF signal and NI PXI-5142 (100 MS/s OSP digitizer) is used to sample the downverted signal. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Expert Systems with Applications

Blind signal modulation recognition through clustering analysis of constellation signature

In this paper, a novel approach has been proposed for fault diagnosis of internal combustion (IC) engine using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Neural Network. Live signals from the engines were collected with and without faults by using four sensors. The vibration signals measured from the large number of faulty engines were decomposed into a number of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). Each IMF corresponds to a specific range of the frequency component embedded in the vibration signal. This paper proposes the use of EMD technique for finding IMFs. The Cumulative Mode Function (CMF) was chosen rather than IMFs since all the IMFs are not useful to reveal the vibration signal characteristics due to the effect of noise. Statistical parameters like shape factor, crest factor etc. of the envelope spectrum of CMF were investigated as an indicator for the presence of faults. These statistical parameters are used in turn for classification of faults using Neural Networks. Resilient Propagation which is a rapidly converging neural network algorithm is used for classification of faults. The accuracy obtained by using EMD-ANN technique effectively in IC engine diagnosis for various faults is more than 85\% with each sensor. By using a majority voting approach 96\% accuracy has been achieved in fault classification.

Fault Diagnosis of Internal Combustion Engine Using Empirical Mode Decomposition and Artificial Neural Networks

The electrical network measurements by measuring device Phasor Measurement Device (PMU) are usually sent to the control centers using data acquisition system and other communication protocols available. However, these measurements contain uncertainties due to the measurements and communication noise (errors), incomplete metering or unavailability of some of measurements. The overall aim of state estimation is to calculate the state variables of the power system by minimizing errors available at the control center. Due to generate desired quantities by optimal estimate which is given the set of measurements, Kalman filters are widely used. This paper discusses the application of an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm, the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) algorithm, and New EKF+M and UKF+M estimator algorithm,those are modification of EKF and UKF for enhance accuracy and elapse time is less. The effectiveness and performance of EKF+M and UKF+M Estimator over another Filtration algorithm is shown. These state estimation techniques applied on IEEE-30 bus, 14 bus and 9 bus test system. © 2017 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Power system state estimation by novel approach of Kalman Filter

A novel method of lock-in elimination using electro-optic phase modulator in semiconductor ring laser gyroscope is proposed. It helps in operating the gyro out of the lock-in band, thus improving its sensitivity. © 2016 IEEE.

2016 IEEE Photonics Conference, IPC 2016

Semiconductor ring laser gyroscope with improved rotation sensitivity

Owing to its huge potential to provide easy access to high-speed video and data, power line communication (PLC) has recently grabbed the attention of the researchers. The PLC is an emerging field of communication for the home area network of smart grid. Because power lines were not initially designed for communication purposes, they offer a difficult communication environment in the form of impulsive noise and multiplicative noise, in addition to the background noise. This elucidates the need for evaluating the performance of PLC systems by taking into account all these factors. The performance of a PLC system under the influence of Rayleigh distributed channel gain, background noise (with nonuniform phase), and impulsive noise is comprehensively studied in this paper. We evaluate closed-form expressions of the average bit error rate and outage probability for different cases depending on the presence or absence of impulsive noise and channel gain. We provide a further insight into the system by obtaining the diversity of the PLC system. Simulation results closely match with our analysis, thereby establishing the validity of the derived expressions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies

PLC performance evaluation with channel gain and additive noise over nonuniform background noise phase

The semiconductor gain medium has rich non-linear dynamics and several internal parameters influence the generation and propagation of light through it. With the gain medium being an integral part of semiconductor ring laser gyroscope (SRLG) cavity, its parameters affect the overall performance of the gyro. The effect is further elevated in integrated SRLG due to stronger confinement of charge carriers and photons leading to a more intense interaction between them. In this paper, we evaluate the influence of semiconductor gain medium parameters such as gain saturation coefficient, linewidth, internal quantum efficiency etc. on the sensitivity of bulk fiber-optic SRLG. Ways of controlling these parameters and optimizing their values to enhance the performance of SRLG are also discussed. © 2017

Optics Communications

Effects of gain medium parameters on the sensitivity of semiconductor ring laser gyroscope

Resonant inductive power transfer (RIPT) is gaining popularity for wireless charging applications of future electric transportation. A fundamental challenge of implementing an RIPT system for wireless power transfer is the coupling variation between the primary and secondary coils, due to misalignment, while parking the car over the primary coil. Thus, it is desirable to have a coil pair, which is least sensitive to misalignments, to ensure efficient power transfer over a wide operating area, and to enable ease of use. The operating area of a coil pair is limited by the existence of a magnetic null in its coupling profile. For circular charging pads, employing a symmetrical Archimedean spiral, a magnetic null occurs at a misalignment distance equal to approximately 40% of the pad diameter (or about 70% of the coil diameter), irrespective of the air gap. In this paper, five diverse unsymmetrical coil pairs have been investigated, to find the coil pair least sensitive to misalignments. For unsymmetrical coil pairs, the position of the magnetic null shifts with the change in separation between the coils. By operating the primary and secondary pads at a distinct separation, the null position can be shifted further away from the center of the coils. This, in turn, increases the effective area, over which a given amount of power can be transferred to the load. After investigating the unsymmetrical coil pairs, it was found that the outer radius of the secondary coil should be kept equal to the outer radius of the primary coil, and inner radius of the secondary coil should be maintained greater than the inner radius of the primary coil, to obtain the best coupling profile. © 2017 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification

Magnetic characterization of unsymmetrical coil pairs using archimedean spirals for wider misalignment tolerance in ipt systems

Characteristics of series–series and series–parallel topologies when fed from a constant-voltage fixed-frequency supply have been studied. Characterization helps understanding the fundamentals of the topologies and helps in selection of particular topology for a particular application. For studying the characteristics a prototype of IPT coils has been developed in the laboratory. Parameters of the coil have been found using finite-element analysis software JMAG. Characteristics have been simulated in MATLAB Simulink and results obtained have been compared with those obtained from the hardware implementation of the characteristic. It has been shown in this paper that series–series topology has ideal current-source characteristics and series–parallel topology has ideal voltage-source characteristics. © 2017, Indian Academy of Sciences.

Fulltext

Sadhana - Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences

Design and characteristics of series–series and series–parallel topologies fed from constant-voltage fixed-frequency supply

Bottom gate field effect transistors (FETs) with nano-porous TiO2 as channel has been designed, fabricated, characterized and packaged. The fabrication process is simple, scalable and reproducible. Reactive RF sputtering and lift off process was used for depositing and patterning TiO2 respectively. TiO2 was annealed to tune its crystallinity from amorphous to anatase. Microscopy study of TiO2 film reveals nano-porous morphology which improves the surface properties and makes it useful for sensing applications. The transistor characteristics of FET show p-channel behavior and the device has been packaged onto headers for testing it in presence of analytes. © 2017 IEEE.