Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

Semiconductor quantum dots have attracted tremendous attention owing to their novel electrical and optical properties as a result of their size dependent quantum confinement effects. This provides the advantage of tunable wavelength detection, which is essential to realize spectrally selective photodetectors. We report on the fabrication and characterization of a high performance narrow band ultraviolet photodetector (UV-B) based on Indium oxide (In2O3) nanocrystals embedded in aluminium oxide (Al2O3) matrices. The In2O3 nanocrystals are synthesized in an Al2O3 matrix by sequential implantation of In+ and ions and post-implantation annealing. The photodetector exhibits excellent optoelectronic performances with high spectral responsivity and external quantum efficiency. The spectral response shows a band-selective nature with a full width half maximum of ∼60 nm, and a responsivity reaching up to 70 A W-1 under 290 nm at 5 V bias. The corresponding rejection ratio to visible region was as high as 8400. The high performance of this photodetector makes it highly suitable for practical applications such as narrow-band spectrum-selective photodetectors. The device design based on ion-synthesized nanocrystals could provide a new approach for realizing a visible-blind photodetector. © 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd.

World University root node

Nanotechnology

Deep UV narrow-band photodetector based on ion beam synthesized indium oxide quantum dots in Al2O3 matrix

RF MEMS switches have moving microstructures which are realized either by dry release method or by wet releasing process. In dry release process, suspended bridges gets curled up due to high process temperature while in wet release method, surface of the released devices is get contaminated which affects the final performance of the device. In this paper, a mixed release process of wet and dry is presented to release the stiction free suspended microstructures. Contamination from the devices is removed by plasma cleaning. Isolation of the device under test has been improved to 22 from 15 dB after plasma exposure. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Microsystem Technologies

Improved isolation RF MEMS switch with post release ashing

This paper presents design and harmonic distortion analysis using Volterra series for a 12 V to 1.2 V buck converter designed in the 180 nm BCD8 technology of STMicroelectronics. The series determines the closed-form equations for fundamental, second and third harmonics. From the analysis, the results are 96 %, 97 % and 90 % matched with the simulation results when the amplitude of the input ripple varies from 0 V to 1.8 V. © 2017 IEEE.

Proceedings - International SoC Design Conference 2017, ISOCC 2017

Distortion analysis for a DC-DC buck converter

In this paper, a method is presented to estimate the effect of transmission media on power supply induced jitter for a voltage-mode driver circuit. Transmission media is represented via its equivalent models of transmission lines while calculating the power supply induced jitter. The proposed semi-analytical method for jitter analysis is compared against the conventional simulations (commercial tools) in a 55nm technology of STMicroelectronics. A reasonable matching is reported. © 2017 IEEE.

2017 IEEE Electrical Design of Advanced Packaging and Systems Symposium, EDAPS 2017

Modeling the effects of transmission media on power supply induced jitter

This paper presents fabrication of thermally actuated multi-layered micro actuator for out of plane actuation application. Multi-layered actuators are fabricated using ammonium per sulphate based TMAH etching with metal passivation. Multi-layered Au Si3N4SiO2 micro actuators with straight and cross-heaters are characterized using I-V and LDV measurements. Gold as upper layer of micro actuator is fully protected during the release process. Fundamental mode or resonant frequency of fabricated multi-layered micro actuator is measured by Laser Doppler Vibrometer which is observed around 20 KHz. © 2018 IEEE.

Proceedings of International Conference on 2018 IEEE Electron Device Kolkata Conference, EDKCON 2018

Multi-Layered Thermal Actuator Realization Using Metal Passivated TMAH Micro-Machining

Modulation scheme classifier for the received RF signal is proposed in this paper. Modulation classification is an intermediate step between data detection and its demodulation for extracting the final information. Proposed method estimates the carrier frequency offset after downconversion of passband signal with estimated carrier frequency and corrects for it. Signal is sampled with high frequency and symbol rate is estimated. Sampled signal is downsampled to estimated symbol rate to extract the constellation points. For identification of modulation scheme between QAM and PSK of different orders, k-medoids clustering is used. Blindly, k medoids are estimated for k equals to 4, 8, 16 and 64 and similarity to ideal constellation structure is calculated. Final decision for modulation scheme is given in favor for which similarity with ideal constellation structure is maximum. The simulation results for the method shows that different modulation schemes are classified efficiently above 10 dB SNR in presence of Additive White Gaussian Noise. Method proposed is unsupervised and has low computational complexity. © 2018 IEEE.

International Symposium on Advanced Networks and Telecommunication Systems, ANTS

Blind Signal Digital Modulation Classification through k-medoids Clustering

In this letter, we establish a connection between cooperative control of passivity-short systems, and the regularization of a pair of dual network optimization problems. We build upon existing works that established, under a passivity requirement, an equivalence between the steady-state behavior of diffusively coupled network system and the solutions to a pair of convex-dual optimization problems. We show that when the agents are passivity-short, the resulting optimization problems are no-longer convex. By introducing a regularization term to the problem, we then establish that this corresponds to a feedback passivation of each system via an appropriately chosen linear output-feedback gain. We also obtain conditions on the regularization term such that the resultant closed system possess the so-called maximally equilibrium-independent passivity property and exhibits a solution to their network-level interactions. Finally, we illustrate theoretical results with two case studies. © 2018 IEEE.

IEEE Control Systems Letters

Regularization and Feedback Passivation in Cooperative Control of Passivity-Short Systems: A Network Optimization Perspective

This work introduces a novel discrete noise-eliminating second order generalized integrator (DNSOGI) based control technique for synchronization converter of single phase two stage grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system. The role of DNSOGI in control technique is fundamental component extraction from the grid voltage for unit template generation and fundamental component extraction from the load current, which enhances the performances of the control technique. In this work, DNSOGI based control technique is tested for nonlinear loading, unbalanced load condition as well as for solar insolation variation condition. The satisfactory dynamic, as well as the steady-state performance of DNSOGI, shows that the energy management is successfully implemented in all conditions. Moreover, the total harmonic distortion of grid current satisfies the objective of the proposed system and an IEEE-519 standard. © 2018 IEEE.

2018 IEEMA Engineer Infinite Conference, eTechNxT 2018

Discrete noise-eliminating second order generalized integrator based control strategy applied to grid-integrated solar PV synchronization converter

This paper presents a self-adaptive maximum power harvesting technique for a PV array, which is executed by using Takagi-Sugeno-Kang fuzzy logic control (TSKFLC). Here a self-adaptive technique is based on an amount of power change, which is due to environmental changes (insolation and temperature). This approach enhances the dynamic response as well as reduces the steady state oscillations, which improves the efficiency and robustness of the system. The main purpose of development of self-adaptive based TSKFLC is maximum power harvesting from a PV array, in uncertain atmospheric conditions. The effectiveness of this self-adaptive based TSKFLC is evaluated on European standard-EN50530 test system. The testing in dynamic as well as in steady state conditions, is performed on MATLAB Simulink platform. After that, it is implemented on experimental setup, which satisfactory performance shows a fulfilment of the objective of the work. © 2017 IEEE.

2017 7th International Conference on Power Systems, ICPS 2017

Takagi-Sugeno-Kang fuzzy model-based self-adaptive maximum power harvesting technique for PV array: Tested on European standard EN50530

This paper deals with a novel reduced sensor strategy, for two-stage single-phase grid connected solar photovoltaic system with a battery, where the dc-link voltage sensor is not required. Moreover, for maximum power point tracking (MPPT), a new 'normal harmonic search' (NHS) algorithm is used, and for voltage source converter (VSC) control, a novel 'power normalized kernel least mean square' (PNKLMS) algorithm is proposed. The PNKLMS algorithm is used for active load component extraction from the load current, even when the load current is characterized by linear or nonlinear behavior. Moreover, PNKLMS algorithm is used for reference grid current generation. The NHS algorithm is an improved version of the harmony search, which is inspired to the music composition technique and its searching ability is improved by using the normal probability distribution factor. Therefore, NHS reaches the global maximum power point very quickly and is suitable for online searching on hardware. Moreover, the extracted power is fed into the grid. For control of VSC, the proposed PNKLMS control technique is used, which maintains the power quality. The performances of NHS-based MPPT and PNKLMS-based control technique with reduced sensor approach are tested on a developed prototype. The satisfactory steady-state and dynamic performances of the NHS algorithm are demonstrated under variable irradiance and temperature during partial shaded conditions. Moreover, the performances of the PNKLMS algorithm, without using dc-link voltage sensor are demonstrated during overvoltage, undervoltage, harmonics distortion, and load nonlinearity condition, results of which have satisfied the objective of the proposed system and the IEEE-519 standard. © 1972-2012 IEEE.