Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

Silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays are fabricated using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible technology, for the detection of proteins, pH levels, cardiac biomarker troponin-T (cTnT) etc. The sensor output is fed to a 'current to frequency converter circuit'. Neuromorphic approach based low input referred noise frequency converter circuit is developed. The circuit generates a sequence of spikes with the help of Leaky integrate and fire neuron model (LIF) where firing delay maps to the strength of the stimulation across the array. The proposed read-out circuit is implemented using Tower Jazz Semiconductor's 0.18μm CMOS technology. The SiNW arrays are producing current change from 200pA to 1.6nA for a corresponding change of 50m V/0.5ng/ml protein concentration at the gate. The circuit is able to detect a change in current as low as 50pA and consuming IlμW power and 93×17μm 2 silicon area. © 2018 IEEE.

World University root node

Proceedings of IEEE Sensors

Silicon Nanowire Based Platform Device for Chemical/Bio-Chemical Sensing Applications

Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are considering 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Systems (including 5G system) to interwork with Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN; also referred as WiFi) as a cost-effective way to expand the wireless user data traffic capacity further. Achieving adequate level of security from WLAN is one of the main challenges to be addressed, from the 3GPP system perspective, to have effective interworking with the WLAN. Preventing User Equipment (UE) tracking and protecting subscriber's privacy is considered to be crucial requirement in the 3GPP systems, where as in WLAN it is never been considered as an important issue. Hence, combination of WLAN permanent identity and exposure of the 3GPP system permanent identity in the same context in the interworking scenario is identified to be a serious threat for user's privacy and for launching subscriber specific targeted attacks in the 3GPP network. A network harmonized security mechanism is needed to perform authorized tracking by the MNO and at the same time, it should prevent exposure of permanent identities to mitigate unauthorized tracking by the eavesdroppers. This paper details the user traceability threat identified in Long-Term Evolution (LTE)-WLAN Interworking (LWI) and proposes novel ideas to mitigate the identified threat by use of 3GPP network Locally administered Randomized Address (LRA) for the UE's WLAN MAC address instead of universally administrated MAC address. The LRA is generated using the 3GPP network assigned pseudonyms, so that the user's privacy (confidentiality of user and device identity) in the interworking scenario is as secure and efficient as the 3GPP systems. Among the detailed novel ideas, the LRA generated using the core network assigned pseudonyms addresses the user's privacy effectively and has less than 1% collision probability. © 2018 IEEE.

IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC

Privacy protection and mitigation of unauthorized tracking in 3GPP-WiFi interworking networks

This article, presents a novel technique to model a wideband coaxial to substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) transition. The proposed design is a planar implementation of the male to female connection usually observed in coaxial connections in conventional circuit. Firstly, a 50\ \Omega SICL section is designed. The coaxial probe of equal impedance passing through a metallic via with slightly greater diameter is then connected to the inner conductor of SICL. The reactive component produced at the SICL-Coaxial junction is nullified by placing a short-circuit section at an optimal distance from it. The proposed transition demonstrates a broadband matching of greater than 20 dB for 0 to 32.7 GHz with very low insertion loss of better than 0.1 dB throughout the band. The complete modeling of proposed planar transition is presented and the robustness of the design is validated for different dielectric constant and thickness. The designed back to back transition exhibits wideband matching with very low insertion loss making it worthy for practical applications. © 2018 IEEE.

SPCOM 2018 - 12th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications

Design of wideband coaxial-to-substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) planar transition

The modeling of the advanced RF bulk FinFETs is presented in this letter. Extensive S-parameter measurements, performed on the advanced RF bulk FinFETs, show 31% improvement in cutoff frequency over recent work [1]. The transistor's characteristics are dominated by substrate parasitics at intermediate frequencies (0.1-10 GHz) and gate parasitics at high frequencies (above 10 GHz). The Berkeley short-channel IGFET model-common multi gate model is improved to account for the impact of substrate coupling on the RF parameters. The model demonstrates excellent agreement with the measured data over a broad range of frequencies. The model passes AC, DC and RF symmetry tests, demonstrating its readiness for (RF) circuit design using FinFETs. © 1980-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Electron Device Letters

Modeling of advanced RF bulk FinFETs

In this chapter, we study various possible structures of perceptually adaptive sampling strategies for one-dimensional haptic signal. For that purpose, an experimental setup is designed where we record haptic responses extensively for several users. The responses are labeled as perceived (+1) or non-perceived (- 1 ). After that, various classifiers are designed to predict the labels of the responses. We have applied several different classifiers based on Weber’s law, level crossing, linear regression, decision tree, and random forest. The classifiers based on the level crossing and the Weber’s law as features have good accuracy (more than 90%) and are only marginally inferior to random forests. The level crossing classifier consistently outperforms the one based on the Weber’s law even though the difference is small. Given their simple parametric form, the level crossing and the Weber’s law based classifiers are shown to be good candidates to be used for adaptive sampling. We have studied their rate–distortion performances and demonstrated that the level crossing sampler is superior. In summary, we have demonstrated that both the level crossing and the Weber classifier-based samplers are good candidates for the perceptually adaptive sampling mechanism for haptic data reduction. © 2018, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Studies in Computational Intelligence

Predictive sampler design for haptic signals

In this chapter, we study whether the perceptual deadzone depends on the task to be performed during the psychophysical experiments. In order to study this, we design a psychophysical experiment where we define two specific tasks: discriminative and comparative. In the discriminative task, the user must discriminate if the successive stimulus is different from the reference force, be it increasing or decreasing in magnitude. On the other hand, in case of the comparative task, the user has to discriminate the stimulus only along one direction, either increasing or decreasing in magnitude. Responses are recorded for both the tasks for several users. Support vector machine (SVM), a machine learning approach, is applied to the recorded responses to estimate the perceptual deadzone for each task. Our results demonstrate that comparative deadzone is significantly smaller than the discriminative deadzone in terms of their width and the just noticeable difference, suggesting that the task of discriminating two forces is more difficult for a user than to compare which force is greater (or smaller). Hence taking inference of this study, we demonstrate that the perceptual deadzone does depend on the task being performed. © 2018, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Task dependence of perceptual deadzone

This paper presents a method that automatically transforms a virtual environment (VE) according to the mood of input music. We use machine learning to extract a mood from the music. We then select images exhibiting the mood and transfer their styles to the textures of objects in the VE photorealistically or artistically. Our user study results indicate that our method is effective in transferring valence-related aspects, but not arousal-related ones. Our method can still provide novel experiences in virtual reality and speed up the production of VEs by automating its procedure. © 2018 Association for Computing Machinery.

Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, VRST

Automatic transfer of musical mood into virtual environments

We show that the beam waist of the LG modes should be less than the fiber core diameter for transforming the LP0,n modes into free-space beams. The choice of beam waist does not alter the free-space propagation of the beam, given the mode set is complete. © 2018 OSA.

2018 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim, CLEO-PR 2018

Transformation of the Fiber Based LP0,n Modes into Free-Space LG0,p Beams

We show that the beam waist of the LG modes should be less than the fiber core diameter for transforming the LP0,n modes into free-space beams. The choice of beam waist does not alter the free-space propagation of the beam, given the mode set is complete. © OSA 2018

Optics InfoBase Conference Papers

Transformation of the fiber based LP0,n modes into free-space LG0,p beams

We demonstrate an all-fiber method to determine the wavelengths at which a fabricated SMm device provides a single mode output. This method is quick and does not require measurement of the modal weights. © OSA 2018