Department of Electrical Engineering

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In this communication, a planar high-gain slot antenna backed by a rectangular substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity is presented. The proposed antenna uses a narrow rectangular SIW cavity with high length-to-width ratio. This modifies the conventional sinusoidal field distribution of the cavity modes to generate a hybrid mode field distribution with more field concentration at the center of the cavity. A closed form expression is presented which represents the proposed hybrid mode field distribution as a summation of multiple TEym10 cavity modes. A slot antenna placed at the top plate of the proposed cavity is excited by the hybrid mode. Calculation of far-field radiation pattern of the proposed antenna is presented, which exhibits its potential to produce narrower main beam along with high gain. To validate the concept, a prototype is fabricated in a thin substrate (h =0.787 mm ). The experimental result shows antenna resonance at 9.5 GHz with high gain of 9.62 dBi. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

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IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

Design of Planar High-Gain Antenna Using SIW Cavity Hybrid Mode

This paper describes the implementation of an integral sliding mode (ISM) based robust composite non-linear feedback (CNF) controller design for a single input single output (SISO), continuous linear time invariant (LTI) descriptor system with input saturation. This scheme combines the salient features of the CNF controller and the sliding mode controller i.e good transient behavior while tracking and matched disturbance rejection respectively. Also, this scheme guarantees a general reference tracking for the descriptor systems even in presence of input saturation. © 2018 IEEE.

Proceedings: IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

Robust composite non-linear feedback control for descriptor systems with general reference tracking

In this chapter, event-triggered SMC for nonlinear systems is presented. Similar design approaches are used for nonlinear system like LTI systems in the earlier chapter. As a preliminary, first SMC is designed for continuous-time system that yields stable sliding motion. Then, this control is used in designing the event-triggered SMC for nonlinear systems. A sufficient condition for the stability and existence of practical sliding mode are also given. In practical applications, delays in control implementation are unavoidable that may the affect system performance. The event-triggering strategy is also developed by considering such delays into account. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018.

Studies in Systems, Decision and Control

Event-triggered sliding mode control for nonlinear systems

Sensor or measurement noise is an immanent disturbance in all closed loop control systems. State observers are not robust to sensor noise. Higher Order Sliding Mode Observer (HOSMO) attenuates the estimation error to a small bound in presence of output noise. A strategy is proposed in this paper for HOSM observer design which provides a further attenuation of the estimation error. A recursively designed HOSM observer with integral surface is the proposed approach. The designed observer is also shown to comply continuity condition as required by super twisting controller. Simulation results are presented to validate the proposed method. © 2018 IEEE.

Proceedings of IEEE International Workshop on Variable Structure Systems

Novel Higher Order Sliding Mode Observer for Output Noise Attenuation

Objective assessment of multimedia quality using machine learning (ML) has been gaining popularity especially in the context of both traditional (e.g., terrestrial and satellite broadcast) and advance (such as over-the-top media services, IPTV) broadcast services. Being data-driven, these methods obviously rely on training to find the optimal model parameters. Therefore, to statistically compare and validate such ML-based quality predictors, the current approach randomly splits the given data into training and test sets and obtains a performance measure (for instance mean squared error, correlation coefficient etc.). The process is repeated a large number of times and parametric tests (e.g., t test) are then employed to statistically compare mean (or median) prediction accuracies. However, the current approach suffers from a few limitations (related to the qualitative aspects of training and testing data, the use of improper sample size for statistical testing, possibly dependent sample observations, and a lack of focus on quantifying the learning ability of the ML-based objective quality predictor) which have not been addressed in literature. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to shed light on the said limitations both from practical and theoretical perspectives wherever applicable, and in the process propose an alternate approach to overcome some of them. As a major advantage, the proposed guidelines not only help in a theoretically more grounded statistical comparison but also provide useful insights into how well the ML-based objective quality predictors exploit data structure for learning. We demonstrate the added value of the proposed set of guidelines on standard datasets by comparing the performance of few existing ML-based quality estimators. A software implementation of the presented guidelines is also made publicly available to enable researchers and developers to test and compare different models in a repeatable manner. © 1963-12012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting

Toward better statistical validation of machine learning-based multimedia quality estimators

We present an analytical model that accurately captures anomalous matching characteristics of drain current in a halo-implanted MOSFET across bias, geometry, and temperature. It is shown that the variation in drain current in different gate bias regimes results from the random-dopant fluctuations (RDFs) in different spatial regions across the channel of the device with nonuniform channel doping. Such effects cannot be captured by existing compact models. Using the impedance field method to calculate the relative contributions of the RDF in the higher doped halo region and the lower doped channel region, we demonstrate, for the first time, an analytical model that can successfully capture the drain current mismatch from subthreshold to strong inversion. We also report for the first time the unique temperature dependence of matching of the drain current in halo-implanted devices and propose a model to capture this behavior. The model is validated using extensive technology computer-aided design analysis and experimental data and is can be extended to the framework of the industry standard BSIM-BULK (formerly BSIM6) MOS model. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

Analysis and Modeling of Temperature and Bias Dependence of Current Mismatch in Halo-Implanted MOSFETs

If the time spacing between two consecutive, perceptually significant kinesthetic force stimuli is less than the minimum time spacing (temporal resolution Tr ) required in perceiving the jump discontinuity, then the second force stimulus will not be perceived even if it is well above the just noticeable difference. Hence, there is no need to transmit the second force sample to the operator. Thus, for haptic transmission in a teleoperation, the temporal resolution Tr needs also to be considered while effecting perceptually adaptive sampling. In this chapter, we estimate the temporal resolution Tr for the kinesthetic stimulus. For that purpose, we define an experimental setup where a user is subjected to a specific type of kinesthetic force stimulus. The force stimulus has two perceptually significant consecutive jumps separated by a variable time spacing. The user is asked to respond whenever she can perceive the discontinuity between the jumps by pressing a button of the stylus. If for a particular time spacing, the jump discontinuity is perceived, the user response is labeled as 1, and −1 otherwise. In this way, we record the labeled haptic responses for several users. In order to estimate the temporal resolution Tr, we use a classical psychometric approach. It is observed that Tr lies between 17 and 37 ms for different users. Further, we also study how the physical fatigue (possibly including the effect of boredom) of muscles affects the temporal resolvability of a human operator in perceiving the jump discontinuity. It is observed that the resolvability in perceiving the jump discontinuity decreases by about 30 % due to the fatigue. Hence, the fatigue does affect the temporal resolvability significantly. In order to alleviate this problem during teleoperation, it is recommended that the robot should be slowed down accordingly if a task is to be carried out over a longer period. © 2018, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Studies in Computational Intelligence

Temporal resolvability of stimulus

In this paper, we investigate the stability of a controlled system in the event-triggering framework. By designing the triggering scheme, the control signals are updated when it is demanded subject to some satisfactory system performance. However, the stability of the system is not yet fully investigated with respect to the triggering conditions. So, the main purpose of the paper is to analyse the stability of the system with respect to the proposed triggering scheme. In this paper, sliding mode control (SMC) is used to design the event-triggered control. Our analysis proposes a new notion called bounded event property for the event which guarantees the triggering instants are generated in finite-time for all possible values of the triggering parameter. It is shown that the event-triggered SMC ensures possess the bounded event property and moreover the proposed triggering mechanism also guarantees the stability of the closed loop system stability. © 2018 IEEE.

On Stability of Event-Triggered Systems with Sliding Mode Control

In this brief, we obtain the relationship between dynamic properties of system and network structures of complex networks. We show that the sum of the product of weights of the shortest paths between control and output nodes is equal to the gain factor of the pole-zero-gain transfer function of the complex network. We also show that dc-gain for the peripheral nodes of the complex network depends on the distance between the control and output nodes in the network. Existence of non-minimum phase zeros for collocated control and output nodes is discussed. The theoretical developments are verified using IEEE-4 bus power networked system application. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs

On Some Input-Output Dynamic Properties of Complex Networks

A PMMA based Ag/PMMA/Ti/Glass RRAM devices are reported for their resistive switching behavior. Switching performance was tested on three samples fabricated at different PMMA annealing temperatures. The switching voltages have shown a down trend with increasing annealing temperature. The Current on/off ratio and retention time also degrades with annealing temperature. The devices exhibited significantly low switching voltages (&lt;1 V) and retention time upto 103 s. Annealing of PMMA at higher temperatures may result in softening of films resulting in lower switching voltages due to defects generation and easy charge migration. The conduction mechanism has been investigated by double log plot of I-V characteristics of device suggesting ohmic conduction at lower voltages in in HRS and in LRS. At higher voltages in HRS, space charge limited conduction dominates the conduction mechanism. © 2018 IEEE.