Department of Electrical Engineering

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Flexibility in curriculum, in all its academic programs, encompassing elements of teaching, research, creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship is the most unique feature of IIT Jodhpur. The Department of Science and Technology (DST), under the National Mission on Cyber Physical Systems, has identified IIT Jodhpur as a Technology &amp; Innovation Hub in the area of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality. The institute has also been nominated as the coordinator for the Jodhpur City and Knowledge Cluster by the Office of Principal Scientific Adviser, Government of India.

The sprawling 852-acre IIT Jodhpur campus is a majestic tribute to the deep-rooted diverse cultural heritage of the region. The campus is an architectural masterpiece, which is slated to become an international exemplar of sustainability with net-zero energy, and advanced water and waste management strategies.&rdquo;

IIT Jodhpur

Effective interactive video assignments and rewatch analytics for online flipped classrooms

The dependency of synchrophasor technology on shared/dedicated communication networks for data transfer and the lack of security specifications in C37.118 standard makes phasor measurements susceptible to data manipulation attacks. More critically, a false data injection attack could influence both accuracy of state esti-mates and the evaluation of system dynamics. Typically, false data sequences are modeled as multi-constraint non-linear optimization with random, step, or ramp type distribution. However, a carefully designed attack that mimics the dynamic response of a natural disturbance can hugely impact trends-based applications of synchrophasor-based disturbance monitoring and mode metering. This work designs a multi-channel/multi- sample dynamic injection attack in &nbsp;phasor trends to &nbsp;closely mimic natural disturbances aiming at &nbsp;trends- based applications. Also, the &nbsp;work proposes an un-supervised wavelet probability mapping method for &nbsp;the detection and correction of dynamic false data sequences. The proposed method identifies the attack sequences from disturbances using relative wavelet energy measure and &nbsp;replaces the &nbsp;corrupted sub-sequences with coherent un-corrupted trends using a kernel density estimation-based mode mapping method. The efficacy of the proposed method is validated for simulated injection cases in IEEE-118 bus system using DigSILENT/Power-Factory and real phasor data for the Eastern region of the India grid. The results show that the proposed method exhibits high detection accuracy and low correction error for different categories of dynamic false data cases under real system conditions.

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

Wavelet probability distribution mapping for detection and correction of dynamic data injection attacks in WAMS

The notion of corona of two graphs was introduced by Frucht and Harary in 1970. In this paper, we generalize their definition of corona product of two graphs and introduce corona product of two signed graphs by utilizing the framework of marked graphs, which was introduced by Beineke and Harary in 1978. We study structural and spectral properties of corona product of signed graphs. Further, we define signed corona graphs by considering corona product of a fixed small signed graph with itself iteratively, and we call the small graph as the seed graph for the corresponding corona product graphs. Signed corona graphs can be employed as a signed network generative model for large growing signed networks. We study structural properties of corona graphs that include statistics of signed links, all types of signed triangles and degree distribution. Besides we analyze algebraic conflict of signed corona graphs generated by specially structured seed graphs. Finally, we show that a suitable choice of a seed graph can produce corona graphs which preserve properties of real signed networks. © 2022 World Scientific Publishing Company.

World University root node

Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications

Corona product of signed graphs and its application to modeling signed networks

A fast protection algorithm based on Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) is proposed in this paper for islanding and fault detection, classification, and location in a distribution system penetrated by a solar renewable energy source. The three-phase current signals measured at the substation are utilized to extract the instantaneous features from the first level residue using Hilbert Transform (HT) after empirical mode decomposition (EMD). The feature indices computed per phase for each event using minimum post-disturbance data are then fed to a decision tree machine learning (DTML-1) model to classify disturbances into four classes: normal, fault, islanding, and switching transient. Once a fault is determined, another DTML-2 model classifies the fault into one of the seven types of faults, namely 3P-ABC (three-phase faults), 2P-AB, 2P-BC, 2P-AC (two-phase faults), 1P-AG, 1P-BG, and 1P-CG (single-phase faults). Subsequently, seven DT models based on the fault type locate the IEEE 13 bus system's zone of fault. Variations in noise levels, DG capacity, and fault incidence angles test the proposed algorithm to achieve a good accuracy level in less time. Switching transients like capacitor switching, feeder on/off, and transformer excitation/de-excitation are also successfully classified within a quarter cycle contaminated with noise levels of 20 dB SNR. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks

Hilbert–Huang transform and decision tree based islanding and fault recognition in renewable energy penetrated distribution system

This paper proposes event-triggered adaptive super-twisting algorithm (ETASTA) based guidance law for a planar relative motion, where the line-of-sight (LOS) rate converges to zero or a small neighborhood of zero in finite-time before guidance termination. The guidance law is proposed by taking into account both the maneuvering and non-maneuvering target. Further, a triggering condition is provided using an event-based approach that uses the minimum amount of control while meeting the stability requirements. Using Lyapunov theorem, the stability of the system is guaranteed. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed theory does not exhibit the Zeno phenomenon, since the inter-event time is bounded by a positive quantity. Finally, a numerical example demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed guidance law. © 2022 IEEE.

Proceedings of IEEE International Workshop on Variable Structure Systems

Adaptive Super-Twisting Guidance Law: An Event-Triggered Approach

This paper introduces optimal sliding mode control with a predefined upper bound of settling time (PUBST) for stabilizing uncertain nonlinear dynamical systems. Sufficient conditions for optimality are given, which involve a Lyapunov function that satisfies a certain differential inequality guaranteeing PUBST. Further, for guaranteeing optimality it also satisfies the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. Moreover, an integral sliding mode control is integrated with the optimal PUBST control to make the system insensitive to the matched type of bounded perturbations. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated with a practical example of a rigid body aircraft system. © 2022 IEEE.

Optimal Sliding Mode Control with Predefined Upper Bound of Settling Time

Wind Energy (WE) penetration levels in rural grids are limited due to the Power Quality (PQ) issues owing to the inconsistency in the wind speed and low short circuit ratios. This is further aggravated due to the day-by-day increase in non-linear loads. This paper proposes a methodology to enhance WE penetration levels by mitigating PQ issues using distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) controlled by the Adaptive Linear Element-Least Mean Square (ADALINE-LMS) algorithm. The proposed adaptive control algorithm estimates the active and reactive weight components of load currents by considering the changes in wind generation, DC-link voltage and grid voltage. These weights are used to generate reference current signals to switch the DSTATCOM to mitigate PQ disturbances. The proposed method has been implemented for the enhancement of WE penetration in the rural grid under the non-linear load. The results obtained by simulation in MATLAB studies have been validated using the experimental studies. These studies established the effectiveness of the proposed method for enhancing WE penetration level in rural grid up to 25%. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy

Enhancement of Wind Energy Penetration Levels in Rural Grid Using ADALINE-LMS Controlled Distribution Static Compensator

Prevention of falls requires providing a small number of recommendations based on the risk factors present for a person. This article deals with the evaluation of 12 modifiable risk factors for fall, based on a selection of 45 variables from a real data set. The results of four classifiers (Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Artificial Neural Networks, and Bayesian Networks) are compared when using the initial imbalanced data set, and after using the balancing method SMOTE. We have compared the results using four different measures to evaluate their performance (balanced accuracy, area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve F1-score, and F2-score). The results show that there is a significant improvement for all the classifiers when classifying each target risk factor using the data after balancing with SMOTE. Copyright © 2022 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved.

International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health, ICT4AWE - Proceedings

Evaluation of Risk Factors for Fall in Elderly People from Imbalanced Data using the Oversampling Technique SMOTE

The massive growth in mobile users and wireless technologies has resulted in increased data traffic and created demand for additional radio spectrum. This growing demand for radio spectrum has resulted in spectrum congestion and mandated the need for coexistence between radar and interfering communication emitters. To address the aforementioned issues, it is critical to review existing policies and evaluate new technologies that can utilize spectrum in an efficient and intelligent manner. Cognitive radio and cognitive radar are two promising technologies that exploit spectrum using dynamic spectrum access techniques. Additionally, introducing the bio-inspired concept ‘metacognition’ in a cognitive process has shown to increase the effectiveness and robustness of the cognitive radio and cognitive radar system. Metacognition is a high-order thinking agent that monitors and regulates the cognition process through a feedback and control process called the perception–action cycle. Extensive research has been done in the field of spectrum sensing in cognitive radio and spectral coexistence between radar and communication systems. This paper provides a detailed classification of spectrum sensing schemes and explains how dynamic spectrum access strategies share the spectrum between radar and communication systems. In addition to this, the fundamentals of cognitive radio, its architecture, spectrum management framework, and metacognition concept in radar are discussed. Furthermore, this paper presents various research issues, challenges, and future research directions associated with spectrum sensing in cognitive radar and dynamic spectrum access strategies in cognitive radar. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

Physical Communication

Spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks and metacognition for dynamic spectrum sharing between radar and communication system: A review

This paper considers the problem of placing all the poles arbitrarily for a linear time-invariant plant with the linear part 00 sliding mode control. We solve this problem in two ways. In the first approach, we design a sliding mode control by specifying the desired pole locations. The closed-loop system under this control law has all eigenvalues at the desired places. In the second approach, the sliding mode control is designed from a given state feedback gain so that all the poles of the closed-loop system are placed at the same location as that of the state feedback controller. Here, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a linear gain using the sliding mode control to achieve the desired pole assignment. This condition is always fulfilled for the single input case whereas it is only applicable for certain multi-input scenarios that meet the conditions stated in the paper. In both the approaches, one can place the closed-loop poles with the proposed sliding mode control at any arbitrary location in the left half of the complex plane, unlike with traditional design, where m poles are at the origin with m being the number of control inputs. A numerical example illustrates the proposed design methodology for sliding mode control. © 2022 IEEE.