Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

Recent programmatic developments in Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) have prompted renewed and widespread interest in this field. In mid 1987 the Defense Nuclear Agency, acting for the Strategic Defense Initiative Office issued a request for proposals for the design and construction of SMES Engineering Test Model (ETM). Two teams, one led by Bechtel and the other by Ebasco, are now engaged in the first phase of the development of a 10 to 20 MWhr ETM. This report presents the rationale for energy storage on utility systems, describes the general technology of SMES and explains the chronological development of the technology. The present ETM program is outlined; details of the two projects for ETM development are described in other papers in these proceedings. The impact of high Tc materials on SMES is discussed. {\textcopyright} 1989 IEEE

World University root node

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics

Superconducting magnetic energy storage

A method of reduction of system order is introduced, in which a lower-order transfer function/transfer matrix is obtained by minimizing an error function constructed from the time responses of the system and the reduced model. The denominator of the reduced model can be selected either by retaining dominant poles or by the Routh method. The numerator of the reduced model is obtained by minimizing the step response error along with a steady-state constraint. The error function is converted into the frequency domain and the minima operation is carried out in this domain. Since the numerator polynomial selection is independent of the denominator, the method is very general and can be applied for MIMO systems as well as for SISO systems. A numerical example of a multivariable system illustrates the procedure. © 1988 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

International Journal of Systems Science

New reduction technique by step error minimization for multivariable systems

A method of reduction for a discrete system is presented. The denominator of the reduced model is directly obtained in z-domain from the denominator of the higher-order system. The denominator of the reduced model is directly obtained from a Routh-type table. The numerator of the reduced model is obtained either by matching the discrete time moments or by minimizing the step response error constructed in discrete time domain and computed in z-domain. The stability of the reduced model is guaranteed if the higher-order system is stable. A numerical example is examined which involves the determination of a second-order reduced model for a fourth-order digital filter.

Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems

Routh type approximation for discrete system

This paper presents the time-domain Pade approximation and modal-Pade method for single and multivariable systems. In the first part of the paper, Pade equations are derived for SISO and MIMO systems by assuming a state-space description of the higher order system and its reduced order model. For a SISO system, it is shown that these Pade equations are the same as the Pade equations obtained by a frequency-domain procedure. However, for a multivariable system, it is shown that, although a full Pade approximation exists in the frequency domain, the time-domain procedure leads only to a partial Pade approximation. In the next part, the time-domain modal-Pade method for SISO and MIMO systems is proposed. A relationship between the state vectors of the system and the model is derived for the modal-Pade reduction procedure and is referred to as an “exact aggregation matrix.”. © 1987 IEEE

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems

Time-Domain Pade Approximation and Modal-Pade Method for Multivariable Systems

A modification of the Routh approximant is introduced which results in a considerable improvement over the conventional Routh approximation technique. Since some amount of arbitrariness is available in the time moment expressions of the conventional Routh approximant, it can be utilized to minimize the step response error while preserving the stability and moment matching property of the conventional Routh approximant. A numerical example illustrates the procedure. Copyright © 1986 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control

An Improvement on Routh Approximation Technique

A method of reduction is introduced which is an improvement over the conventional Routh approximation procedure. Since some amount of arbitrariness is available in the time moment expressions of the conventional Routh approximant, it can be utilized to minimize the step response error while preserving the stability and moment matching property of the conventional Routh approximant. The method is extended to multivariable systems in the frequency domain.

IMPROVED ROUTH APPROXIMANTS FOR SINGLE AND MULTI-INPUT SYSTEMS.

A Modal-Pade method in time domain is proposed. The Pade equations are derived by assuming the higher order system and reduced order model in state space. The time domain Modal-Pade method is explained. While computationally attractive, this method preserves both the properties such as retention of dominant eigenvalues and matching of time moments. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the method.

TIME DOMAIN MODAL-PADE METHOD FOR REDUCING THE ORDER OF LINEAR TIME INVARIANT SYSTEMS.

A criterion for selecting the order of a reduced dimensional model for a multivariable system is introduced. The criterion is based on impulse response energy error and is applicable for Routli approximant models. The proposed method is illustrated using, a numerical example. © 1983 Taylor & Francis Ltd.

Choice of model order for multivariable systems

This work investigates the effect of Bragg’s reflector configuration stages and its material on the performance of flexible FBAR sensor. Bragg’s reflector configuration has been formed with various high and low acoustic Impedance layers such as Mo/SiO2, W/SiO2, and W/Al. The detailed investigation of flexible FBAR sensor has been done using 2-D finite element method (FEM) simulations performed on COMSOL Multiphysics software. Acoustic impedance versus frequency and frequency versus quality factor plots were drawn for the detailed investigation of material and number of Bragg’s reflector configuration stages on the performance of the flexible FBAR sensor. The comparative results for various Bragg’s reflector configurations have been summarized and reported. It is reported that spurious modes were present while using even number of stages to form Bragg’s reflector configuration. Thus, to remove spurious harmonic modes odd number of Bragg’s reflector configuration stages are required. The present work also states that W/SiO2-based Bragg’s reflector configurations are best suited to achieve enhanced performance in terms of enhanced coupling coefficient and figure of merit. This investigation offers new framework for the design of a flexible FBAR sensor with high performance.