Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

In this paper a procedure is given to compute the correct lower and upper bounds of each element in the interval RH array based on simple Moore-Skelboe Algorithm. The RH stability condition of non-interval system becomes both the necessary and sufficient for interval systems if the interval RH table is computed accurately. © 2007 IFAC.

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline)

Accurate computation of interval routh table for robust stability analysis of interval systems

This paper presents design of discrete time reduced order observer using the duality with the discrete sliding surface design. First we established the duality between coefficients of the reduced order observer and sliding surface and then the reduced order observer is designed using the Riccati equation. Using the same concept, the reduced order observer is designed for the Power System Stabilizer(PSS) of Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system. The controller's main concern is to enhance the stability and to improve the dynamic response of the (SMIB) operating in different conditions. The simulation results shows the efficacy of the PSS with the reduced order observer. ©2007 IEEE.

IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference)

Reduced order observer design for Power System Stabilizer using the duality to discrete time sliding surface design

The paper presents a novel method to design a spatial control system based on multirate output feedback robust sliding mode control for a large Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR). The non-linear model of PHWR including xenon and iodine dynamics is characterized by 70 state variables and 14 inputs and outputs each. Linear nodal model is obtained by linearizing the non-linear dynamic equations of the reactor about the full power operating point. A multirate output feedback based discrete sliding mode spatial controller is designed for the linearized model of the reactor. The proposed control method does not require state information of the system for feedback purposes and hence may be easier to implement. From simulation of the non-linear model of the reactor in representative transients, the proposed control scheme is found to be superior to other methods. © 2007 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science

Multirate output feedback based sliding mode spatial control for a large PHWR

This paper presents the problem of modelling simultaneous periodic output feedback control design to control the first two vibration modes of a flexible smart cantilever beam. The entire structure is modeled by finite element method using a piezoelectric beam element which includes a piezoelectric sensor and actuator dynamics. Simulation results demonstrate that a single controller can be employed to control the first two vibration modes for six different sensor/actuator locations along the beam. Application of simultaneous control introduces a redundancy in smart structure control.

International Journal of Modelling and Simulation

Design of simultaneous periodic output feedback control for smart structures

Arrays of highly ordered n-type silicon nanowires (SiNW) are fabricated using complementary metal-oxide semi-conductor (CMOS) compatible technology, and their applications in biosensors are investigated. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) capture probe-functionalized SiNW arrays show a concentration-dependent resistance change upon hybridization to complementary target DNA that is linear over a large dynamic range with a detection limit of 10 fM. As with other SiNW biosensing devices, the sensing mechanism can be understood in terms of the change in charge density at the SiNW surface after hybridization, the so-called "field effect". The SiNW array biosensor discriminates satisfactorily against mismatched target DNA. It is also able to monitor directly the DNA hybridization event in situ and in real time. The SiNW array biosensor described here is ultrasensitive, non-radioactive, and more importantly, label-free, and is of particular importance to the development of gene expression profiling tools and point-of-care applications. © 2007 American Chemical Society.

Analytical Chemistry

Silicon nanowire arrays for label-free detection of DNA

The letter presents the fabrication processes to realize high Ge content SiGe on insulator using Ge condensation technique with and without intermittent oxide etching. During condensation process with intermittent silicon oxide etching, the formation of an undesirable amorphous SiGeO is observed. This is due to uncontrolled oxidation of silicon when the oxide layer is etched away. In the case of Ge condensation process without oxide etching, the authors could achieve a SiGe layer with 91% Ge concentration. A crystalline SiGeO layer at the interfaces of the top silicon oxide and buried oxide with SiGe was also observed. Possible formation mechanisms of amorphous and crystalline SiGeO are presented. Ge condensation process without Si O2 etching utilizes four steps of oxidation and intermittent annealing cycles at each temperature resulted in Si0.09Ge0.91OI substrate. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.

Fulltext

Applied Physics Letters

SiGeO layer formation mechanism at the SiGe/oxide interfaces during Ge condensation

Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible oxide-free silicon nanowire (SiNW) sensors for detection of single-stranded oligonucleotides are presented. The SiNW sensors without native oxide show higher detection sensitivity compared to other SiNW ones. This work demonstrates how to improve SiNW performance for sensing DNA by altering surface functionalization of SiNW. © 2007 CBMS.

Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, uTAS 2007

Highly sensitive measurement of PNA-DNA hybridization using oxide-free silicon nanowire sensors

Systematically arranged arrays of nanostructures were realized using CMOS compatible silicon technologies. The ordered arrays of nanostructures were formed using DUV photolithography, reactive ion etching and physical vapour deposition of silver. By varying the lithography dosage, arrays having different distance of closest approach between adjacent nanostructures are created. The nanostructures also have sharp edges to bring about a further enhancement to the local electromagnetic field. In comparison with other methods of preparing SERS substrate, our method provides advantages of high uniformity and high sample throughput. The Raman spectrum of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules is characterized on our substrates. The substrates with the smaller distance between adjacent nanostructures show the greater enhancement. R6G with concentration up to 1 μM was detected using SERS substrates fabricated. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical

3D arrays of SERS substrate for ultrasensitive molecular detection

This paper proposes a protection scheme for turbo generators to detect stator ground faults in particular closer to neutral. The scheme considers total generated voltage of the machine and makes use of Wavelet Multi Resolution Analysis. A Fault Index is defined in terms of peak and valley values of the highest-level wavelet decomposition, which is compared with a threshold value to discriminate from other transients like sudden unbalance in load. The results of digital simulation are presented for different fault impedances and fault locations. ©2007 IEEE.

ICIIS 2007 - 2nd International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems 2007, Conference Proceedings

A new wavelet based ground fault protection scheme for turbo generators

In this paper, we propose a power system stabiliser (PSS) design scheme based on robust decentralised output feedback sliding mode control technique. We demonstrate the proposed technique on a 10-machine, 39-bus power system and compare it with classical PSS design. Although the proposed technique is based on linearised model of the nonlinear multimachine power system, the efficacy of the controller has been demonstrated by the simulation using nonlinear model. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2007.