Department of Electrical Engineering

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The sprawling 852-acre IIT Jodhpur campus is a majestic tribute to the deep-rooted diverse cultural heritage of the region. The campus is an architectural masterpiece, which is slated to become an international exemplar of sustainability with net-zero energy, and advanced water and waste management strategies.&rdquo;

IIT Jodhpur

Ultra thin films of pure silicon nitride were grown on a Si (1 1 1) surface by exposing the surface to radio-frequency (RF) nitrogen plasma with a high content of nitrogen atoms. The effect of annealing of silicon nitride surface was investigated with core-level photoelectron spectroscopy. The Si 2p photoelectron spectra reveals a characteristic series of components for the Si species, not only in stoichiometric Si 3 N 4 (Si 4+ ) but also in the intermediate nitridation states with one (Si 1+ ) or three (Si 3+ ) nitrogen nearest neighbors. The Si 2p core-level shifts for the Si 1+ , Si 3+ , and Si 4+ components are determined to be 0.64, 2.20, and 3.05 eV, respectively. In annealed sample it has been observed that the Si 4+ component in the Si 2p spectra is significantly improved, which clearly indicates the crystalline nature of silicon nitride. The high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) studies showed a significant improvement of the crystalline qualities and enhancement of the optical properties of GaN grown on the stoichiometric Si 3 N 4 by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

World University root node

Applied Surface Science

The impact of ultra thin silicon nitride buffer layer on GaN growth on Si (1 1 1) by RF-MBE

This paper reviews the recent progress in MEMS test structures for mechanical parameter extraction. MEMS test structures reviewed include cantilevers, fixed-fixed beams, bent-beam, guckel rings, pointers, circular diaphragm, and lancet structures. Important mechanical and process parameters are highlighted, as they have significant contributions to the performance of MEMS devices. The challenges and statues of the test structures are outlined and discussed. © 2011 SumDU.

Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics

Review of mems test structures for mechanical parameter extraction

We report a new class of a SERS substrate with ordered nanostructures fabricated on silicon wafer using a deep UV (DUV) lithography technique followed by surface coating of silver and/or gold film. These substrates possess sharp edged nanogaps, which are responsible for the SERS enhancement. SERS performance of these substrates was analyzed by studying its reproducibility, repeatability and signal enhancement measured from 2-naphthalene thiol (NT) molecule covalently anchored on to the substrate. SERS performance of this substrate was also compared with a commercial substrate and metal film over nanosphere (MFON) substrate, which is one of the most promising reported substrates. It was found that MFON substrate showed a slightly higher SERS intensity among all three chosen substrates, but the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the intensity for the two prominent peaks of NT was about 7-14% while for our nanogap DUV substrate the RSD was less than 3% with comparable SERS signal intensities to MFON. For the commercial substrate, the relative standard deviation was about 7-9% but with a much lower SERS signal intensity. To our knowledge, this observed reproducibility along with good SERS enhancement with nanogap substrate is the best among the reported SERS substrates. These observed results with the nanogap substrate show great potential for the development of a sensitive SERS biosensing platform. Efficacy of the nanogap DUV substrate for biosensing was demonstrated for in vitro glucose sensing under physiologically relevant conditions. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

Development of highly reproducible nanogap SERS substrates: Comparative performance analysis and its application for glucose sensing

Different wireless application platforms are available for remote monitoring and control of systems. In the present paper a system has been described for online remote recording and monitoring of sensor data using DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency) technology where acoustic communication has been implemented. One DTMF transceiver in the sensing system has been used to generate and decode the DTMF tone corresponding to the sensor output which in turn is received from the mobile phone in the user side. A separate DTMF decoder has been used in the user side to decode the received DTMF tone corresponding to the sensor output from the sensor side. Microcontroller has been used to store the decoded data from the sensor and to control the whole operation sequentially. Thus online remote recording and monitoring of the sensor data have been possible at any where in the coverage area of the mobile network. Experimental result shows good linearity between data output taken directly from the sensor side and that remotely from user side. © 2011 IFSA.

Sensors and Transducers

Online remote recording and monitoring of sensor data using DTMF technology

Spatial oscillation in neutron flux distribution resulting from reactivity feedbacks due to fission products such as xenon is a matter of concern in large nuclear reactors. Left uncontrolled, the spatial oscillations may lead to "flux tilting" which may put the fuel integrity at peril. Hence during the design stages of any large nuclear reactor, it is essential to identify the existence of spatial instabilities and to design a suitable control strategy for regulating the spatial power distribution. In this paper, the existence of spatial instabilities in Advanced Heavy Water Reactor is investigated, which establishes that this reactor exhibits three modes of spatial instabilities. The paper further explores its stabilization using a control strategy based on feedback of total as well as spatial power distribution signals. The efficacy and robustness of the controller is demonstrated through dynamic simulations. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Annals of Nuclear Energy

Spatial stabilization of Advanced Heavy Water Reactor

This paper presents a novel loss less compression method for video. In this work, we propose a novel method for finding motion compensated frame. This is computationally much efficient than other method reported in literature. After finding the motion compensated frame, we propose a new method for efficiently applying LS based predictor on the frames. The predictor structure uses pixels in the current frame and also in the motion compensated frame. Overall performance of the proposed method is significantly better than many competitive methods at significantly reduced computational complexity. © 2011 IEEE.

School of Liberal Arts (SoLA)

Data Compression Conference Proceedings

A novel computationally efficient motion compensation method based on pixel by pixel prediction

The vegetation response to environment is very sensitive and not only affects the ecological balance and climate but has also been found to be effective barrier against natural disasters. This paper shows how differences between the visible red and near-infrared (NIR) bands of a LANDSAT image can be used to identify areas containing significant vegetation. It uses a LANDSAT Thematic Mapper image covering part of Paris, France, made available courtesy of Space Imaging, LLC. Seven spectral bands are stored in one file in the Erdas LAN format. It also describes how remote sensing techniques and vegetation analysis were used to study the effect of mangroves and other woody coastal vegetation as a protective measure against the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. © Gi4DM 2011 - GeoInformation for Disaster Management.All right reserved.

Vegetation detection in multispectral remote sensing images: Protective role-analysis of vegetation in 2004 Indian ocean tsunami

Objective video quality assessment (VQA) is the use of computational models to predict the video quality in line with the perception of the human visual system (HVS). It is challenging due to the underlying complexity, and the relatively limited understanding of the HVS and its intricate mechanisms. There are two important issues regarding VQA: (a) the temporal factors apart from the spatial ones also need to be considered, (b) the contribution of each factor and their interaction to the overall video quality needs to be determined. In this paper, we attempt to tackle the first issue by utilizing the variation of spatial quality along the temporal axis. The second issue is addressed by the use of machine learning; we believe this to be more convincing since the relationship between the factors and the overall quality is derived via training with substantial ground truth (i.e. subjective scores). Experiments conducted using two publicly available video databases show the effectiveness of the proposed full-reference metric in comparison to the relevant existing VQA metrics. © 2011 IEEE.

Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo

Video quality assessment using temporal quality variations and machine learning

A novel Sliding Mode Control (SMC) based Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithm is proposed for control of TCP/IP based network. Modern switching networks are complex time delay process with abrupt time varying behavior of its parameters such as bandwidth, time delay etc., which makes it hard to capture the exact process dynamics for an efficient controller design. Our approach invokes the potential of SMC in terms of robustness and disturbance rejection to design effective controller for nonlinear TCP-queue dynamics. Sliding Mode design is based on Lyapunov matrix and search for Lyapunov matrix for systems with unmatched uncertainties and time delay is formulated in terms of Linear Matrix Inequlity. Proposed scheme exhibits robust performance in presence of large parameter uncertainties and disturbances. © 2011 ICROS.

International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems

Sliding mode based AQM for robust control of IP based network

This paper presents a new algorithm for discrete-time sliding mode control using output feedback. It has been shown that, when the output of the system is sampled slower than the input, a discrete-time sliding mode can be obtained. The method is very general and is applicable to any controllable and observable linear time-invariant single input single output system. The proposed technique is illustrated with a numerical example. © 2011 Intl Journal of Adv Mechatr.