Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

This paper presents detail analysis of MEMS Fixed Fixed beam resonator. Force voltage analogy is being used here for calculating electrical two port equivalent circuit and its component values. Its resonance frequency tuning behavior analyzed by varying dc bias voltages ranging from 0 V to 10 V. The resonant frequency variation with varying elctode air gap is also prediticted. © 2012 IEEE.

World University root node

2012 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics, ICCCI 2012

Design and simulation of two port RF MEMS resonators

The paper presents a reproducible and fully complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible technique for fabricating silicon nanowire sensors for biochemical analysis. Top-down approach for fabricating silicon nanowire has been explored to achieve silicon nanowire dimension up to ~150 nm. Presented fabrication technique is based on the fact of 44 % silicon consumption during thermal oxidation process. Fabricated nanowires are further processed to make silicon nanowire sensors. These nanowire sensors respond to the change in applied back-gate voltage. To prove the advantage of nanowire sensors over micron dimension sensors, two sensors with different silicon wire width (1. 5 and 0. 29 μm) are characterized for the same back-gate voltage and the current modulation was observed to be 25. 05 % and 54. 9 %, respectively. These silicon nanowire sensors are characterized for repeatability as well. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

BioNanoScience

Reproducible Silicon Nanowire Sensors Platform

Proc. Int. Zurich Seminar on Communications (IZS)

Complexity analysis for ML-based sphere decoder achieving a vanishing performance-gap to brute force ML decoding,”

In this paper, an optimal design of linear phase digital high pass (HP) finite impulse response (FIR) filter has been proposed using Particle Swarm Optimization with Constriction Factor and Inertia Weight Approach and Wavelet Mutation (PSOCFIWA-WM). PSOCFIWA-WM incorporates a new definition of swarm updating in PSOCFIWA with the help of wavelet based mutation. Wavelet mutation enhances the PSOCFIWA to explore the solution space more effectively. In the design process, filter length, pass band and stop band edge frequencies, feasible pass band and stop band ripple sizes are specified. Other evolutionary algorithms like real coded genetic algorithm (RGA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), PSO with constriction factor and inertia weight approach (PSOCFIWA), and the proposed PSOCFIWA-WM have been used for the comparative design of linear phase FIR HP filter. A comparison of simulation results reveals the optimization superiority of the proposed technique over the other optimization techniques for the solution of FIR HP filter design. © 2012 IEEE.

Proceedings of the 2012 World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies, WICT 2012

Optimal linear phase fir high pass filter design using PSOCFIWA-WM

One and two micron wide silicon fin patterns realized using standard g-line UV lithography are oxidized to accomplish nanowires. Simulation results envisage the possibility of silicon nanowire fabrication using top down fabrication approach. Experimental results show the feasibility of the process. SEM imaging was used to characterize the nanowires. Silicon nanowires up to 150 nm are demonstrated by the mentioned top down approach. Silicon consumption from three sides of the fins reduces their cross-sectional geometries. Stress developed during the oxidation of silicon leads to pinch-off in the fins, with aspect ratios <3. This pinch-off divides the fin patterns into two parts vertically; upper part detaches from the lower one and converges into silicon Nanowire, buried in silicon oxide. Simulation and process results for different process temperatures, time and fin aspect ratios are presented in the paper. © 2012 SPIE.

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

Silicon nanowire arrays using g-line photolithography

Integration of Distributed Generation (DG) in distribution power system would affect the fault current level and therefore the relay settings. This paper presents a protection scheme based on the Wavelet Transforms for the detection of the faults with and without DGs. Faults are simulated at each bus and the fault currents are analyzed with Haar wavelet to obtain detail coefficients of single level decomposition. Fault indices are calculated based on d-coefficients and compared with threshold for detecting the fault. The performance of the proposed protection scheme is tested by considering the variations in location and capacity of DG successfully. © 2012 IEEE.

Proceedings - ICETEEEM 2012, International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical Engineering and Energy Management

A wavelet based protection scheme for distribution networks with Distributed Generation

This paper proposes a new algorithm for achieving discrete-time sliding mode for single input single output systems with bounded matched uncertainty using output feedback. The concept of periodic output feedback is used here. It has been shown that, when the output of the uncertain system with matched uncertainty is sampled slower than the input, there exist a discrete-time quasi sliding mode. The method is very general and is applicable to any controllable and observable linear time invariant single input single output system. The proposed technique is illustrated with numerical examples. Copyright © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

International Journal of Advanced Mechatronic Systems

Discrete-time sliding mode control of systems with matched uncertainty using infrequent output measurements

Surface stability is achieved and demonstrated by porous silicon (PS) fabricated using a wavelength-dependent photo-electrochemical (PEC) anodization technique. During anodization, the photon flux for all wavelengths was kept constant while only the effect of light wavelength on the surface morphology of PS was investigated. PS optical sensors were realized, characterized and tested using a photoluminescence (PL) quenching technique. An aliphatic chain of alcohols (methanol to n-octanol) was detected in the range of 10200ppm. Long term surface stability was observed from samples prepared under red (750620nm) and green illumination (570495 nm), where the PL quenching cycles evoke the possibility of using PS for stable sensor device applications. This study provides a route for preparing highly sensitive organic vapour sensors with a precise selection of the fabrication parameters and demonstrating their prolonged performance. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Nanotechnology

Photo-induced electrochemical anodization of p-type silicon: Achievement and demonstration of long term surface stability

Scaling of internal noise in discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain has been presented for copyright protection of audio signals. Watermark as a logo is embedded into the most prominent peaks of the highest energy segment of the audio DCT coefficients. Tuning of the DCT coefficients of the watermarked signal by noise-induced resonance improves the authenticity of the watermarked signal. This scaling is produced by noise-induced resonance, generally known as Dynamic stochastic resonance (DSR). DSR utilizes the noise introduced during different signal processing attacks and it induced here as an iterative process due to which the effect of noise is suppressed and hidden information is enhanced. Response of the proposed extraction scheme suggests increased robustness against various attacks such as noise addition, cropping, re-sampling, re-quantization, MP3 compression, and echo. Comparison with the existing DCT, DWT and SVD techniques shows the better performance in terms of correlation coefficient and visual quality of extracted watermark. © 2012 Springer-Verlag GmbH.

Improved watermark extraction from audio signals by scaling of internal noise in DCT domain

In this paper, a nonlinear non-dynamic stochastic resonance-based technique has been proposed for enhancement of dark and low contrast images. A low contrast image is treated as a subthreshold signal and noise-enhanced signal processing is applied to improve its contrast. The proposed technique uniquely utilizes addition of external noise to neutralize the effect of internal noise (due to insufficient illumination) of a low contrast image. Random noise is added repeatedly to an image and is successively hard-thresholded followed by overall averaging. By varying the noise intensities, noise induced resonance is obtained at a particular optimum noise intensity. Performance of the proposed technique has been investigated for four types of noise distributions - gaussian, uniform, poisson and gamma. Quantitative evaluation of their performances have been done in terms of contrast enhancement factor, color enhancement and perceptual quality measure. Comparison with other existing spatial domain techniques shows that the proposed technique gives remarkable enhancement while ascertaining good perceptual quality. © 2012 IEEE.