Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

Bimorph cantilever-based thermal actuators are promising for numerous applications like micro-mirror arrays, etc. This paper presents a simple technique for fabricating bimorph cantilevers using a single photolithography process and a quick optical methodology for the characterization of such structures. A bimorph combination of Al-SiO2 has been realized where SiO2 cantilevers are first realized, followed by aluminum sputtering to make the desired bimorph structure. Silicon oxide cantilevers are defined using optical photolithography, silicon area exposed by etching SiO2 in buffered oxide etch (BOE) solution and structures are released by wet bulk micro-machining of silicon in 25% TMAH solution. The cantilever deflection is characterized in a temperature range of 24-56°C using external heating and the corresponding deflections recorded via 3D imaging. A 97 μm-long cantilever tip shows a deflection of ∼3.7 μm, when its temeprature changes by 32°C, corresponding to an actuation of 2.1 degrees. © 2014 IEEE.

World University root node

2014 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Emerging Electronics: Materials to Devices, ICEE 2014 - Conference Proceedings

A quick method to realize and characterize bimorph cantilevers

In hyperconnectivity scenario, managing the amount of data acquired from sensors in the Body Area Networks (BANs) is one of the major issues. In this paper we propose an on-chip context predictor based sparse sensing technology with smart transmission architecture which makes use of confidence interval calculation from the features that present in the data, thereby achieving statistical guarantee. The proposed architecture uses intelligent sparse sensing, which eradicates the collection of redundant data, thereby reducing the amount of data generated. For the performance analysis, we considered ECG data acquisition and transmission system. The proposed architecture when applied on the data collected from 10 patients reduces the duty cycle of the sensing unit to 27.99%, by achieving an energy saving of 72% and the mean deviation of sampled data from the original data is 2%. © 2014 IEEE.

2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2014

Context predictor based sparse sensing technique and smart transmission architecture for IoT enabled remote health monitoring applications

This paper proposes a framework to design an event-triggered based robust control law for nonlinear uncertain robot manipulator. Load variations and unmodeled system dynamics of manipulator are the primary sources of both system and input uncertainties. A static event-triggering rule is employed to realize the proposed robust control law. Derivation of static event-triggering rule with a positive inter-event time and corresponding stability criteria for uncertain manipulator dynamics are the key contribution of this paper. Validation of proposed control technique is carried out numerically on a two-link SCARA type robot manipulator. Simulation results show that measurement error norm is always bounded by the state dependent threshold and also ensures that asymptotic convergence of manipulator states in the presence of both system and input uncertainty. © 2014 IEEE.

2014 13th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics and Vision, ICARCV 2014

An event-triggered based robust control of robot manipulator

The HDMI open drain transmitter is designed to harvest power from the receiver, through the termination impedances during signaling. There is no local power supply needed at the transmitter side, neither any power is taken from the receiver apart from whatever power comes out of it during standard signaling. The zero power HDMI Transmitter capable of datarate 4.95Gbps, i.e. 1.65Gbps per Channel is designed in 65nm technology. © 2014 IEEE.

Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems

Zero power 4.95Gbps HDMI transmitter

This paper explains the importance of the role played by photon lifetime in the generation of terminal voltage across Semiconductor Ring Laser Gyroscope (SRLG). This terminal voltage can be used for direct measurement of rotation rate. © OSA 2014.

Proceedings 12th International Conference on Fiber Optics and Photonics, Photonics 2014

Rotation sensing through Semiconductor Ring Laser Gyro: Analyzed and explained using photon lifetime

In this paper, we study the collective motion of a group of N(> 2) identical agents trying to achieve a circular formation centered at a desired location, which is fixed. A circular formation is characterized by the motion of all agents around the same circle in the same direction. To solve this problem, we propose a planar motion model that incorporates two control inputs. One of the control inputs is chosen independently and the other control input is decided by using the composite Lyapunov function. We show that the desired location of the center of this circular formation, which is fixed, is obtained by directing the centroid of the group of agents to that desired location. This leads to a collective formation of all the agents, known as balanced circular formation. The theoretical findings are supported by simulations. © 2014 IFAC.

IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline)

Stabilization of balanced circular motion about a desired center

The properties of robustness and finite-time convergence provided by sliding mode (SM) theory have motivated several researches to deal with the problems of control and state estimation. In the SM theory, the super-twisting algorithm (STA), a second-order SM scheme, has demonstrated remarkable characteristics when it is implemented as a controller, observer or robust signal differentiator although the presence of noise and parametric uncertainties. However, the design of this algorithm was originally developed for continuous-time systems. The growth of microcomputers technology has attracted the attention of researchers inside the SM discrete-time domain. Recently, discretisations schemes for the STA were studied using majorant curves. In this study, the stability analysis in terms of Lyapunov theory is proposed to study a discrete-time super twisting-like algorithm (DSTA) for non-linear discrete-time systems. The objective is to preserve the STA characteristics of robustness in a quasi-sliding mode regime that was proved in terms of practical Lyapunov stability. An adequate combination of gains obtained by the same Lyapunov analysis forces the convergence for the DSTA. The problem of state estimation is also analysed for second-order mechanical systems of n degrees of freedom. Simulation results regarding the design of a second-order observer using the DSTA for a simple pendulum and a biped model of seven degrees of freedom are presented. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2014.

IET Control Theory and Applications

Discrete-time non-linear state observer based on a super twisting-like algorithm

In this paper, a dynamic stochastic resonance (DSR)-based technique in singular value domain for contrast enhancement of dark images has been presented. The internal noise due to the lack of illumination is utilized using a DSR iterative process to obtain enhancement in contrast, colorfulness as well as perceptual quality. DSR is a phenomenon that has been strategically induced and exploited and has been found to give remarkable response when applied on the singular values of a dark low-contrast image. When an image is represented as a summation of image layers comprising of eigen vectors and values, the singular values denote luminance information of each such image layer. By application of DSR on the singular values using the analogy of a bistable double-well potential model, each of the singular values is scaled to produce an image with enhanced contrast as well as visual quality. When compared with performance of some existing spatial domain enhancement techniques, the proposed DSR-SVD technique is found to give noteworthy better performance in terms of contrast enhancement factor, color enhancement factor and perceptual quality measure. © 2012 Springer-Verlag London Limited.

Signal, Image and Video Processing

Noise-induced contrast enhancement using stochastic resonance on singular values

We achieve single, wavelength tunable LP0,n modes in a multimode fiber using an all-fiber structure. The device can be used to generate fiber based Bessel beams and to achieve a seed for fiber amplifiers. © OSA 2014.

Design of an all-fiber device for exciting a single LP0,n mode in a multimode fiber

We analyze the transmission of a Single mode - Multimode - Multimode (SMm) fiber structure with the aim of exciting a single radial mode in the second multimode fiber. We show that by appropriate choice of the length of the central multimode fiber one can obtain > 90% of the total core power in a chosen mode. We also discuss methods of removing undesirable cladding and radiation modes and estimate tolerances for practical applications. © 2014 Optical Society of America.