Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

Power Integrity is maintained in a high speed system by designing an efficient decoupling network. This paper provides a generic formulation for decoupling capacitor selection and placement problem which is solved by mixed-integer programming. A real-world example is presented for the same. The minimum number of capacitors that could achieve the target impedance over the desired frequency range are found along with their optimal locations. In order to solve an industrial problem, the s-parameters data of power plane geometry and capacitors are used for the accurate analysis including bulk capacitors and VRM. © 2014 IEEE.

World University root node

Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems

Decoupling network optimization in high speed systems by mixed-integer programming

With the advancement of VLSI technology, the effect of jitter is becoming more critical on high speed signals. To negate the effect of jitter on these signals, the causes of jitter in a circuit need to be identified by decomposing the jitter. In this paper, a comparative analysis of various jitter estimation techniques is presented. The statistical domain methods are based on fitting techniques while the frequency domain methods are based on frequency spectrum analysis. This work describes both statistical domain methods and frequency domain methods. Further, their strengths and limitations are discussed. The algorithms are implemented in MATLAB and the results are extensively verified with Agilent ADS. © 2014 IEEE.

2014 International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Computational Engineering, ICECCE 2014

A comparative analysis of jitter estimation techniques

Conservative coupling of modes in an integrated external-cavity semiconductor ring laser is used to suppress lock-in in an inertial rotation sensor. Extent of suppression is dependent on refractive index difference between active and passive cavities. © OSA 2016.

Optics InfoBase Conference Papers

Suppression of lock-in in integrated semiconductor ring laser gyroscope using conservative coupling

In this letter, we derive a maximum likelihood receiver of binary phase shift keying signals over Nakagami-m distributed additive noise in power line communication system. The decision variable is characterized by using copula approach. The analytical average bit error rate of the considered scheme is numerically evaluated by using the cumulative distribution function of the decision variable. It is shown by simulations that the proposed receiver performs significantly better than an existing suboptimal receiver. © 2014 IEEE.

IEEE Communications Letters

PLC performance analysis assuming BPSK modulation over nakagami-m additive noise

In this paper, we explore a method for simultaneous tranmission to coherent and non-coherent receivers, based on ternary sequences. In many communication scenarios, the transmitters are required to support both coherent and non-coherent forms of reception thereby requiring the transmission protocols to be designed such that the transmitted data is decoded reliably at both coherent and non-coherent receivers. Further, in such scenarios, for practical purposes, the transmitter is assumed to be agnostic to the type of the intended receiver, making the design more challenging. Thus motivated, we propose a transmission mechanism for simultaneous reception by coherent and noncoherent receivers. This transmission is enabled by ternary codes, i.e., codes over the ternary alphabet: {-1, 0, +1}. The design of these ternary codes, which exhibit good correlation properties for both coherent and non-coherent reception is a major contribution of this paper. Simulation results show that the proposed codes provide almost similar performance as the optimal codes meant for the respective receiver types. © 2014 IEEE.

2014 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2014

Method of simultaneous transmission to coherent and non-coherent receivers using ternary sequences

Super-regenerative receivers (SRR) are known for their ultra-low power (ULP) consumption. However, its wide frequency selectivity seriously degrades performance especially in the presence of interference. An attractive approach to address this problem is by lowering the quench rate of the SRR to the modulation rate. However, this brings in uncertainty due to lack of oversamples and leads to the timing synchronization problem in demodulation. This paper proposes a timing synchronization method for SRR with a single quench cycle per modulated symbol. A novel asynchronous preamble structure and an associated timing synchronization algorithm are proposed. Significant performance gains are obtained due to the improved frequency selectivity enabling the SRR system to adhere to the constraints set forth by the IEEE 802.15.4 standard while maintaining the ULP advantage. © 2014 IEEE.

Timing synchronization in super-regenerative receivers with a single quench cycle per symbol

This paper presents a dual-mode bandpass filter with asymmetric passband response. Hexagonal shaped Substrate Integrated Cavity (SIHC) has been used to implement the proposed filter. Perturbation technique has been used to realize this bandpass response. The filter has four poles and one transmission zero introduced at the left of the passband. The design has passband insertion loss of 0.65 dB and fractional bandwidth of 5.1% at X-band. © 2013 IEEE.

2013 IEEE Applied Electromagnetics Conference, AEMC 2013

Asymmetric dual mode band-pass filter design using Substrate Integrated Hexagonal Cavity(SIHC)

A novel design technique for broadband substrate integrated waveguide cavity-backed slot antenna is demonstrated in this letter. Instead of using a conventional narrow rectangular slot, a bow-tie-shaped slot is implemented to get broader bandwidth performance. The modification of the slot shape helps to induce strong loading effect in the cavity and generates two closely spaced hybrid modes that help to get a broadband response. The slot antenna incorporates thin cavity backing (height &lt; 0.03λ 0) in a single substrate and thus retains low-profile planar configuration while showing unidirectional radiation characteristics with moderate gain. A fabricated prototype is also presented that shows a bandwidth of 1.03 GHz (9.4%), a gain of 3.7 dBi over the bandwidth, 15 dB front-to-back ratio, and cross-polarization level below-18 dB. © 2014 IEEE.

IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters

Broadband substrate integrated waveguide cavity-backed bow-tie slot antenna

High Dynamic Range (HDR) content is visually more appealing since it can represent the real luminance of the scene. However, on the downside, this means that a large amount of data needs to be handled both during storage and processing. The other problem is that HDR content cannot be displayed on the conventional display devices due to their limited dynamic range. To overcome these two problems, dynamic range compression (or range reduction) is often used and this is accomplished by tone mapping operators (TMOs). As result of tone mapping, the HDR content is not only fit to be displayed on a regular display device but also compressed. However from an artistic intention point of view, TMOs are not necessarily transparent and might induce different viewing behavior. It is generally accepted that TMOs reduce visual quality and there have been a number of studies reported in literature which examine the impact of tone mapping from the view point of perceptual quality. In contrast to this, it is largely unclear if tone mapping will induce changes in visual attention (VA) as well and whether these are significant enough to be accounted for in HDR content processing. To our knowledge, no systematic study exists which sheds light on this issue. Given that VA is a crucial visual perception mechanism which affects the way we perceive visual signals, it is important to study the effect of tone mapping on VA deployment. Towards this goal, this paper investigates and quantifies how TMOs modify VA. Comprehensive subjective tests in the form of eye-tracking experiments have been conducted on several HDR content and using a large number of TMOs. Further non-parametric statistical analysis has been carried out to ascertain the statistical significance of the results obtained. Our studies suggest that TMOs can indeed modify human attention and fixation behavior. Based on this we believe that VA needs consideration for evaluating the overall perceptual impact of TMOs on HDR content. As mentioned, since the existing studies so far have only considered the quality or esthetic appeal angle, this study brings in a new perspective regarding the importance of VA in HDR content processing for visualization on LDR displays. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Signal Processing: Image Communication

Tone mapping based HDR compression: Does it affect visual experience?

Tone mapping operators (TMOs), employed to fit the dynamic range of High Dynamic Range (HDR) visual signals to that of the display, are generally non-transparent and modify the visual appearance of the scene. Despite this, tone mapped content generally tends to have more visual details as compared to a single exposure scene. It is however not clear if the extra details in tone mapped HDR affect user preferences over a single exposure content in terms of scene appearance and to what extent. This paper aims to shed light on this issue via a comprehensive subjective study. Our results reveal that there is no statistical evidence to establish if the users preferred tone mapped content over the single exposure version as closer representation of the corresponding HDR scene. We present those results as well as outline the possible factors contributing to this somewhat unexpected finding. © 2014 EURASIP.