Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

A novel torsional RF MEMS capacitive switch design on silicon substrate is presented. The optimized switch topology such as reduction in up-state capacitance results in insertion loss better than -0.1 dB till 20 GHz. Off to on state capacitance ratio is also improved by 18 fold and isolation is better than -43 dB at 9.5 GHz. The achieved on state return loss is -38 dB as compared to -21 dB at 9.5 GHz. An optimized reduction in contact area and use of floating metal layer increases the switching speed from 56 to 46 μsec. It also increases the switch reliability by alleviating the stiction. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

World University root node

Microsystem Technologies

Design of novel compact anti-stiction and low insertion loss RF MEMS switch

Loosely coupled inductive power transfer (IPT) systems have recently gained worldwide attention for electric vehicle (EV) battery charging. EV batteries have mainly two charging stages: constant voltage charging and constant current charging stage. Numerous published papers suggest that the secondary of loosely coupled IPT systems, if series compensated, can act as constant-voltage source; and, if parallel compensated, it can act as constant-current source. In this paper the authors have shown that both series as well as parallel compensated secondary can act as constant-current source as well as a constant-voltage source, depending on the nature of power supply. Hence, same topology can be utilized efficiently for EV charging in all the stages. Moreover a detailed comparison of series-series and series- parallel topology has been presented with intention of showing that Series-Series topology represents the best choice for IPT system among the two. © 2014 IEEE.

2014 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo: Components, Systems, and Power Electronics - From Technology to Business and Public Policy, ITEC 2014

Comparative study of series-series and series-parallel topology for long track EV charging application

In the present work, we report the design, fabrication, packaging and testing of a micro-mixer microfluidic device in 2' diameter silicon substrate. For this purpose, long and deep (∼ 80 μm) channels in silicon were formed employing modified reactive ion etching (RIE) process. The RIE process parameters were carefully optimised for obtaining fast etch rate for creating 80 μm deep channels. Silicon wafers were anodically bonded to a Corning® 7740 glass plate of identical sizes, for the purpose of fluid confinement. Through holes were made either in silicon substrate or in glass plate for formation of input/output ports. The channels were characterized using stylus and optical profilometers. The micromixer device was packaged in a polycarbonate housing and pressure drop versus flow rate measurements were carried out. The Reynolds Number and Friction Factor were calculated and it was concluded that the flow of gas was laminar at flow rates of oxygen ranging from 0.4 to 25 seem. © 2014 Circuits Multi Projets - CMP.

DTIP 2014 - Symposium on Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS

Development of reactive ion etching process for deep etching of silicon for micro-mixer device fabrication

This paper deals with the stabilisation of TCP/AQM scheme from robust control theory perspective. A higher order sliding mode-based controller for the robust stabilisation of indeterminate system is proposed. Fluid-flow model of TCP-queue dynamics proposed in literature is a continuous uncertain system having matched and unmatched uncertainties in both system and input matrices. A novel sliding surface is designed with the aid of quadratic Lyapunov function with constant Jacobian matrix of coefficients in a special form. A second order sliding mode (super twisting) control law is synthesised which gives robustness with respect to matched uncertainties and at the same time reduces the chattering effect due to the continuous nature of the algorithm. The system is exponentially stabilised and the simulation results justify the efficacy of the proposed controller. © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

International Journal of Automation and Control

Higher order sliding mode-based robust stabilisation of fluid-flow model of TCP/AQM scheme

This paper deals with the design of stable sliding mode control (SMC) for the underactuated slosh-container system using feedforward normal form. A nonlinear coordinate transformation is used to convert the system into so called feedforward normal like form to decouple the control input appearing in one of the degree of freedom (DOF). This results in the design simplicity for the sliding mode control as well as the equivalent control and reduced order system derivation and its stability analysis. The range of surface parameters to provide the stable sliding motion for the system using proposed scheme, is also large compared to our earlier results. Simulation results are also presented to illustrate the proposed method. © 2014 IEEE.

Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision

Sliding mode control for a class of underactuated systems using feedforward normal form: A slosh-container system

This paper, investigates the one of open problems of robust controller design for discrete fractional order system. For achieving the specified goal a disturbance observer is constructed based on full state information. After that an extra compensator based on theory of disturbance observer is added to the classical state feedback. It is also shown that after applying the proposed controller closed loop system would become robust against disturbance as the estimation error gets reduced. Effectiveness of the proposed scheme is illustrated by the simulation results. © 2014 IFAC.

IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline)

Robust controller design for discrete fractional order system: A disturbance observer based approach

We show that the free space propagation of an LP0,n mode is qualitatively different from that of a Gaussian beam. Also, a modal purity ≥ 90% is sufficient for observing the Bessel nature of an LP0,n beam, except for the LP0,1 mode. © OSA 2016.

Optics InfoBase Conference Papers

An investigation on the bessel nature of single Lp0,n modes excited using a single mode - multimode - multimode fiber structure

In this paper, we propose a novel stereoscopic image retargeting algorithm based on 3D visual saliency detection. A new 3D visual attention model is designed based on 2D visual feature detection, depth feature detection and the modeling of various viewing bias in stereo vision. A geometrically consistent seam carving technique is adopted for retargeting stereo image pair. Experimental results demonstrated that both the proposed visual attention model and the proposed retargeting method outperform the state-of-the-art studies. © 2014 IEEE.

ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings

Stereoscopic image retargeting based on 3D saliency detection

In all prior applications, it is assumed that the just noticeable difference (JND) for the kinesthetic force stimulus is independent of rate of change of the stimulus. In this work, we study how the JND is affected over the rate of change of the stimulus. This study has a possible application in better design of a haptic data compression algorithm. We design an experimental set up where users are subjected to a continuous haptic force which starts increasing or decreasing from a fixed reference force value, and record the haptic responses. A machine learning classifier- SVM is trained using the recorded haptic responses to estimate the best fit linear decision boundary between the JND and the rate of change of the stimulus. Our results show that the JND decreases for faster change in the stimulus. We also demonstrate an asymmetric behavior of perception between increasing and decreasing cases. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)

Does just noticeable difference depend on the rate of change of kinesthetic force stimulus?

BSIM6 is the latest industry-standard bulk MOSFET model from the BSIM group developed specially for accurate analog and RF circuit designs. The popular real-device effects have been brought from BSIM4. The model shows excellent source-drain symmetry during both dc and small signal analysis, thus giving excellent results during analog and RF circuit simulations, e.g., harmonic balance simulation. The model is fully scalable with geometry, biases, and temperature. The model has a physical charge-based capacitance model including polydepletion and quantum-mechanical effect thereby giving accurate results in small signal and transient simulations. The BSIM6 model has been extensively validated with industry data from 40-nm technology node. © 1963-2012 IEEE.