Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

We present a novel smart transmission technique with seamless handoff mechanism to achieve ubiquitous connectivity using multiple on-chip radios targeting remote health monitoring applications. For the first time to the best of our knowledge, a system architecture for low-power ubiquitously connected multiparametric remote health monitoring system is proposed in this paper. The architecture proposed uses a generic adaptive rule engine for classifying the collected multiparametric data from patient and smartly transmit the data when only needed. The on-chip seamless handoff mechanism proposed aids for the ubiquitous connectivity with a very good energy savings by intelligent controlling of the multiple on-chip radios. The performance analysis of the proposed on-chip seamless handoff mechanism along with adaptive rule engine-based smart transmission mechanism achieves on an average of 50.39% of energy saving and 51.01% reduction in duty cycle of transmitter taken over 20 users compared with the continuous transmission. From the hardware complexity analysis made on the proposed seamless handoff controller and adaptive rule engine concludes that they require only 2082 CMOS transistors for real-time implementation. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

World University root node

IEEE Sensors Journal

System architecture for low-power ubiquitously connected remote health monitoring applications with smart transmission mechanism

Technological development in the area of wireless communications lead to the requirement of tight integration of both the digital and analog functional units. Integrating mixers is a challenging task, especially in mixed signal design. IoT communication devices require low design complexity as we expect millions of devices connected. In this paper we propose a mixer less low complex QPSK based transmitter architecture targeting low frequency applications which reduced the complexity in transmitter design. A prototype has been developed using Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) and FPGA as the base band controller. The design can easily be adapted to MOSFET technology and modulation is achieved without the need of generating the carrier externally. The prototype developed was tested successfully by generating frequencies of range varying from 1 KHz to 120 MHz. The proposed architecture can also be used for any other digital modulation scheme such as BPSK, FSK etc. © 2014 National Institute of Information and Communicatio.

International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications, WPMC

IoT enabled communication device with mixer less low complex QPSK based transmitter architecture for low frequency applications

In this study, we propose a novel physical layer architecture which is a hybrid of IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11b for providing ubiquitous connectivity in IoT remote sensing platforms. The proposed architecture multiplexes the commonly available functional units of IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11b, thereby achieving significant area and power savings. In order to achieve this, we modified the existing PHY layer to incorporate QPSK and RC pulse shaping for both the radios during the process of modulation. Performance analysis shows that the proposed architecture resulted in an area savings of 17.2 % and power savings of 17.8 % compared to traditional architecture without any performance degradation. In addition the CMOS transistors count is reduced by 6592, which is a significant reduction in complexity when compared to traditional independent radio's architectures. © 2015 IEEE.

IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things, WF-IoT 2015 - Proceedings

Performance analysis of hybrid multiple radio IoT architecture for ubiquitous connectivity

The fossil fuels are depleting with time, hence the research work in the area of alternate energy is growing; thereby providing an abundant scope for biofuel production and deployment. It is well known that the fuel mixture directly affects the performance and efficiency of any automobile. The various physical properties that govern the fuel mixture are viscosity, concentration, additives, boiling point, melting point, etc. Hence, developing a sensor, based on such physical properties, can provide a reliable and effective solution to detect and monitor the biodiesel blending. This research paper describes the computational analysis of a Y -shaped microfluidic device which performs various fluidic operations by analyzing physical properties and their variations. The idea behind this study is to find out the adherence of the device to the Hagen-Poiseuille flow equation. The working principle in this case is concentration dependent width capture by the fluids flowing in the channels based on the pressure difference in the inlet and outlet ports. The different physical characteristics with their test results for various blending ratios of diesel with biodiesel have been shown in this study. Such microfluidic devices also have other viscosity based sensing and monitoring applications such as hemoglobin detection, food adulteration etc. © 2015 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience

Computational analysis of a microfluidic viscometer and its application in the rapid and automated measurement of biodiesel blending under pressure driven flow

As the fossil fuels are depleting with time, the research work in the biofuels domain is rapidly growing. The blends of biofuel can be used as automobile fuel and the existing methods to detect the blending ratio have heavy one-time test cost, need controlled environment and require experienced operators. It is well observed that fuel mixture affects lubricating properties of the fuel and thereby the engine performance. As lubricating properties are related to physical properties, developing a sensor, based on this, can provide a reliable and effective solution to detect and monitor fuel blending. This work describes the computational and the comparative experimental analysis of a microfluidic-device which performs blending studies by analyzing the interface position of the fluid occupancy in a micro-channel and its variations. The device was fabricated in acrylic using a well-established micro-fabrication technique, and is re-usable, re-calibrated and can be integrated with the existing microcontrollers of automobiles. The viscosity of the various bio-diesel blends can be used to indicate the fraction of bio-diesel in the fuel sample based on the best fit curve of the percentage of channel fraction occupied by the samples. The interface shift is because of the greater occupancy rate of a higher viscous sample in the channel. The best fit curve was determined based on an extensive testing of various oils including the hair oils, machine oils etc. of different densities to confirm the interface shifting phenomenon. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fuel

Rapid and automated measurement of biofuel blending using a microfluidic viscometer

A unique technique is proposed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and softmax regression for automated fault detection and classification using vibration and acoustic signals generated from the IC engines. This technique uses the PCA for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction of the frequency spectrum data of noisy acoustic or vibration signals. These feature vectors are then used to get correlation coefficients of training, and testing data. These correlation coefficient vectors are used by soft max regression based classifier for classification of the engine into different classes. The proposed technique does not require any hand-engineered feature extraction, as usually done and no pre-filtering is required on noisy industrial data. The proposed technique is independently tested on two different types of data sets from the simulator and industrial environment. It has the performance of more than 98\% on vibration data from mechanical fault simulator for five different types of faults. The performance of this technique for acoustic data from industrial IC engine is more than 99\% for five different fault classes. In a typical case of industrial IC engines, for 216 test data sets, the classification performance is 99.54\% with only 72 training data sets.

PCA and Feature Correlation for Fault Detection and Classification

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the distribution static compensator employed for harmonic filtering, power factor correction, neutral current compensation, and load balancing in the distribution network. The intention of this review is to provide a wide spectrum on architecture, topologies, and control techniques to the researchers, designers, and engineers working on power quality improvement. More than 100 research publications on the topologies, configuration, control techniques, and applications of distribution static compensator have been thoroughly reviewed and classified for quick reference. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

A review of distribution static compensator

This paper presents a wavelet fuzzy based protection scheme for a three terminal transmission system, makes use of current signals at three ends of transmission line which are synchronized with the help of global position system clock. A wavelet based multi resolution analysis is used to find the detailed coefficients of the signals which are utilized to calculate fault index. These fault indices are compared with the threshold value to detect and classify faults on transmission system. The approximate decomposition of current signals is utilized to locate the fault using fuzzy logic from their respective terminals. The proposed algorithm has been tested successfully for various faults at different locations. © 2015 IEEE.

ICACCS 2015 - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems

Wavelet fuzzy based fault location estimation in a three terminal transmission system

Increasing the power transfer capability and efficient utilization of available transmission lines, improving the power system controllability and stability, power oscillation damping and voltage compensation have made strides and created Flexible AC Transmission (FACTS) devices in recent decades. Shunt FACTS devices can have adverse effects on distance protection both in steady state and transient periods. Severe under reaching is the most important problem of relay which is caused by current injection at the point of connection to the system. Current absorption of compensator leads to overreach of relay. This work presents an efficient method based on wavelet transforms, fault detection, classification and location using Fuzzy logic technique which is almost independent of fault impedance, fault distance and fault inception angle. The proposed protection scheme is found to be fast, reliable and accurate for various types of faults on transmission lines with and without Static Var compensator at different locations and with various incidence angles. © 2014, The Institution of Engineers (India).

Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B

Fuzzy-Wavelet Based Double Line Transmission System Protection Scheme in the Presence of SVC

Event-triggered sliding mode control for robust stabilization of linear systems is presented here. In event-triggered control strategy the control law is not updated in periodic manner but a specific condition is used to generate the possible triggering instant for the control update. It is seen that with the sliding mode control the sequence of triggering instants generated by event condition does not exhibit accumulation of triggering instants in the presence of disturbances. We propose the sufficient event condition for the sliding mode control that guarantees that in the finite time sliding mode occurs in the system in the vicinity of sliding surface and remains within a predesigned region. An analysis for event triggered stabilization of fractional order systems is briefly given. The same triggering condition developed for integer order systems also guarantees stability of fractional order systems. A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the above result. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.