Department of Civil & Infrastructure Engineering

&ldquo;IIT Jodhpur is committed to impart quality education to facilitate the creation of qualified, competent and responsible human resources to meet the emerging technological challenges of the world. It is working towards creating an equitable learning platform that is positive, accessible and effective in the face of the modern societal and scientific advancements.

Flexibility in curriculum, in all its academic programs, encompassing elements of teaching, research, creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship is the most unique feature of IIT Jodhpur. The Department of Science and Technology (DST), under the National Mission on Cyber Physical Systems, has identified IIT Jodhpur as a Technology &amp; Innovation Hub in the area of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality. The institute has also been nominated as the coordinator for the Jodhpur City and Knowledge Cluster by the Office of Principal Scientific Adviser, Government of India.

The sprawling 852-acre IIT Jodhpur campus is a majestic tribute to the deep-rooted diverse cultural heritage of the region. The campus is an architectural masterpiece, which is slated to become an international exemplar of sustainability with net-zero energy, and advanced water and waste management strategies.&rdquo;

IIT Jodhpur

The chapter provides an introduction to the fluvial hydrodynamics, scope and outline of this book. As the subject deals with the interaction between fluid and sediment particles, an understanding of the physical properties of fluid and sediment is an essential prerequisite. In this chapter, the properties of fluid, sediment and fluid–sediment mixture are discussed in details. The additional feature of this chapter is the discussion on terminal fall velocity of particles. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences

Introduction

Safety of a bridge depends on the depth and volume of local scour around the pier. Therefore scour protection measures are most sought after to increase the stability of the bridge foundation. Scour protection measures broadly divided into bed armouring countermeasures and flow-altering countermeasures. Extensive research studies are available on bed armouring counter measures which were proved satisfactory, however flow altering countermeasures are gaining momentum at present. In this research, effect of placing a pier upstream of a bridge pier as a protective measure to decrease the local scour at the bridge pier was studied. Pier placed upstream of a bridge pier modifies the flow field, thereby reducing the eroding power of flow, and hence it reduces depth of the scour hole at the bridge pier. It works perfectly if the wake region formed by the upstream pier has lower velocity as compared to the velocity without the upstream pier. In this process, considerable scour was expected at the upstream pier. The present study attempts to quantify the effect of the mutual interference of front pier and bridge pier on local scour at the bridge pier. The mutual interference of the piers on local scour depends on the shape of the piers, spacing of the piers, flow velocity, flow depth, relative diameters of the piers, sediment size, and oblique distance between the piers and flow oblique angle. These studies were accomplished by measuring equilibrium scour depths in clear water scour in carefully designed and controlled experiments in the laboratory. Two identical piers with series and offset arrangement with several pier diameters of spacing between them were studied. It was observed in on-going experiments that equilibrium scour depth at rear pier increases as the distance between rear and upstream piers increases. However, equilibrium scour depth at upstream pier was independent of streamwise spacing between the piers. In offset arrangement the equilibrium scour depth at rear pier increases as the offset distance increases between them. © 2014 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

World University root node

Proceedings of the International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics, RIVER FLOW 2014

Studies on the effect of an upstream pier as a scour protection measure of a downstream bridge pier

The aim of this study conducted at Kanpur (26.51°N, 80.23°E), India, was to quantify chemical properties of dust and the intensity of mixing, due to its interaction with various emissions from anthropogenic activities, during its long range transport. Aerosol mass was collected at Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (IIT-K) located in the Indo-Gangetic Plain from April-July 2011, a period marked by intense dust storms and onset of monsoon. The sampling days were classified as Dust, Polluted Dust1 (PD1), Polluted Dust2 (PD2) and Continental days. PM10 (coarse mode) and PM2.5 (fine mode) collected on filter substrates were analysed for chemical composition. Elemental concentrations were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results show that crustal elements like Ca, Fe, K, Na and Mg were dominant in coarse mode during dusty days, whereas, elements of anthropogenic origin like Cu, Ni, Se and V were mostly concentrated in fine mode during PD1 as well as PD2.Very low elemental concentrations were found during continental days. SO4 2-, Cl- and NO3 - were found to be high during PD1 and PD2 days. Very good correlations of NH4+ with Cl- and SO4 2- ions in PD1 days indicate their common sources of origin and formation of ammonium chloride and ammonium sulphate. Water Soluble Inorganic Carbon (WSIC) was found during all dust days, Water Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC) was found to be highest during PD1 and PD2 days. © Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research.

Fulltext

Aerosol and Air Quality Research

Chemical characterization of summertime dust events at Kanpur: Insight into the sources and level of mixing with anthropogenic emissions

ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Arsenic removal efficiency by iron impregnated activated carbon for drinking water quality control

The hydrodynamic principles that deal with the mechanics of fluid flow and the derivations are based on three conservation principles: Mass, momentum and energy. In this chapter, these are initially discussed from the viewpoint of classical hydrodynamics and then with reference to their application in open channel flow. The continuity equation ensures the conservation of mass. The specific force equation is based on the momentum principle and calls for force balance. The specific energy equation is based on the energy principle and calls for energy balance. These important principles related to open channel flow are discussed and applications are explained. The additional features of this chapter are the introduction to the boundary layer theory, flow in a curved channel, hydrodynamic drag and lift on a particle and Stokes law. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Hydrodynamic principles

Natural streambed does not exhibit a flat bed surface but takes various geometrical forms known as bedforms. In this chapter, the experimental and theoretical studies dealing with the formation, geometry, and stability of bedforms are furnished. The predictors of various bedforms are discussed in details. Bedforms in gravel-bed streams are given. The important feature of this chapter is the presentation of mathematical models proposed by various researchers. Further, the resistance to flow due to bedforms is of paramount importance to river engineers. This issue is also discussed. Numerical examples on bedforms are given in the end of the chapter. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Bedforms

The phenomenon of lowering the riverbed level due to removal of sediment is known as scour. In general, scour is classified as general scour, contraction scour, and local scour. This chapter provides a comprehensive discussion on scour within channel contractions, downstream of structures, below horizontal pipelines, at bridge piers, and abutments. Further, scour countermeasures are of paramount importance to river engineers. This issue is also discussed. Numerical examples on prediction of scour depths are worked out. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Scour

The optical, chemical, and physical properties of dust over the Indo-Gangetic basin are presented based on a campaign mode experiment conducted at Kanpur (26.52oN, 80.23oE), India, during April to July, 2011. During the study period, heavy dust storms and onset of south-west Indian Monsoon occurred. Based on physico-chemical characteristics, four aerosol types were identified in the region: background aerosol, dust dominated aerosol, pollution dominated aerosol, and mixed aerosol. The classification of aerosol types was found to be consistent with various aerosol properties examined and backtrajectory analysis. In addition to the locally generated aerosols, there were both short and long range transported aerosols. Aerosols of oceanic origin were encountered during late June, and July. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

Atmospheric Environment

An overview of the physico-chemical characteristics of dust at Kanpur in the central Indo-Gangetic basin

The number concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and submicron aerosols (CN), along with their chemical composition and optical properties, have been studied during October 2008, October-November 2009 and November 2010 from an urban (Kanpur) site in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). The concentrations of CCN and CN and their optical properties vary with primary emission and secondary aerosol formation. The CCN (at 0.38% super-saturation) and CN concentrations varied from ~3900 to 15,000cm-3 and ~23,000 to 99,000cm-3, respectively. The diurnal variability of CCN and CN show peak concentrations during early morning hours (6:00-9:00 AM) and nighttime (7:00-10:00 PM), attributable to variability in source strength of carbonaceous aerosols and secondary aerosol formation. The CCN and CN concentrations are ~50% higher during nighttime with simultaneous increase in organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and NO3- mass concentrations. However, CCN/CN ratios are similar during day and nighttime suggesting their co-variability with primary and secondary aerosol formation. The CCN/CN ratios are relatively lower (range: 0.11-0.33) than global average value and those over urban areas (with similar chemical composition in China and around the world) suggesting suppressed activation and hygroscopic growth in highly polluted environment of the IGP. The average mass absorption efficiency of EC during daytime (11.7±2.5m2g-1) is about factor of two higher than that during nighttime (5.7±1.3m2g-1). These results have implications to study morphological features, mixing state and microphysical properties of aerosols under high acidic environment over northern India. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

Primary and secondary aerosols from an urban site (Kanpur) in the Indo-Gangetic Plain: Impact on CCN, CN concentrations and optical properties

The mode of sediment transport where the sediment particles are surrounded by the fluid over an appreciably long period of time is known as suspended-load transport. This chapter introduces basic concepts of sediment suspension and formulations to predict the suspended-load transport rate. The introduction of advection–diffusion model made a considerable progress in deriving the distribution of sediment concentration in sediment-laden flows. Diffusion in turbulent flow results in exchange of momentum and suspended sediment particles between layers of the flow. When the terminal fall velocity of sediment is slow enough, the sediment particles go in suspension. The suspended-load transport rate is readily computed from the known vertical distributions of sediment concentration and flow velocity. Also, based on the energy concept, gravitational theory was developed to determine the distribution of suspended sediment particles. The work done per unit time of a unit volume of fluid and suspended sediment mixture is to transfer from a layer to another layer of the flow. The conservation of energy is preserved separately in the fluid and sediment phases by balancing the energy supplied and the energy dissipated. The effects of suspended load on velocity distribution, von Kármán constant, turbulence characteristics are also discussed in details. Further, the findings on the response of turbulent bursting to sediment suspension are detailed. The computation of suspended-load transport is exemplified through worked out problems. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.