Blockchain is a technology that provides a secure and distributed mechanism to record transactions. The technology has been applied in various domains, most notably in cryptocurrencies. This chapter outlines the potential of blockchain technology in the public health domain. Privacy and security, interoperability, and immutable audit trails are some of the key benefits of blockchain when applied to electronic health records management. The benefits are made possible by the use of public key encryption and P2P architecture, using public or private blockchain networks. The chapter also presents a use case from Estonia where the health service is using blockchain to keep track of all access/changes made to electronic health records. The chapter also includes potential challenges of blockchain implementation in public health. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.