Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

Wind Energy (WE) is intermittent and uncertain in nature, and its integration with weak AC grid in the presence of inductive loads largely deteriorates the power quality (PQ). In such scenario grid synchronization at higher WE, penetration level becomes a major challenge in the distribution network. This paper presents a method to mitigate PQ issues in weak AC grid with high WE penetration using distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) controlled by an adaptive linear neural network-based least mean square (ADALINE-LMS) control algorithm. This control algorithm minimizes the current error by continuous tracking of active unit voltage templates and extracting the weight component of the load current to estimate reference current signals. These reference signals and actual weak AC grid current signals are fed to the hysteresis current controller to generate switching signals for DSTATCOM thereby facilitating smooth grid synchronization and enhance WE penetration level. The proposed control algorithm has been successfully implemented in case a weak AC grid with higher WE penetration level in MATLAB environment. © 2019 IEEE.

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2nd International Conference on Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, SGRE 2019 - Proceedings

Smooth Grid Synchronization in Weak AC Grid with High Wind Energy Penetration using Distribution Static Compensator

In this paper, application of alienation technique has been presented for fault analysis on three-terminal transmission line system. For evaluation of Alienation Coefficients, samples of post-fault differential current (of successive cycles), are compared, for a quarter cycle window. This Alienation Coefficient is compared with the threshold, to detect and classify the faults. The proposed protection scheme is able to detect and classify the faults, within quarter-cycle. The performance of the proposed scheme has been established by case studies, in which fault locations, incipient angles and impedances are varied. © 2018 IEEE.

2nd International Conference on Energy, Power and Environment: Towards Smart Technology, ICEPE 2018

Fault Analysis Using Alienation Technique for Three-Terminal Transmission Line

Power line communication (PLC) is an emerging field of communication that makes use of the existing power line infrastructure for the transmission of data and power. However, the presence of additive and multiplicative power line noises deteriorate the performance of a PLC system. Background and impulsive noises are the two main categories of additive noise, whereas channel gain accounts for the multiplicative noise. In this study, the authors propose coordinate interleaving (CI) technique and investigate its performance for a PLC system under the combined effect of Nakagami-m additive background noise and Rayleigh channel gain. They assume perfect channel state information at the transmitter and receiver of the PLC link. By interleaving the coordinates of the symbols sent over different channel realisations, CI results in significant improvement in the performance of a PLC system. Both the simulated and analytical results shown in this study reveal the effectiveness of the proposed technique in achieving better performance. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2019.

IET Communications

Performance analysis of coordinate interleaved plc system with rayleigh channel gain under nakagami-m additive noise

Reflection symmetry is one of the most commonly occurring and prominent visual attributes present in the real world. With an increase in the display devices of different sizes and aspect ratios, the images captured from the real world need to be resized to fit to the display device. In this paper, we propose a novel image retargeting approach which preserves the reflection symmetry present in the image during the image retargeting process. We detect the symmetry region present in the image using symmetry axis detection and object proposals. We propose a novel framework for finding an optimized reflected seam for the least energy seam defined by the seam carving approach. The symmetry axis and the symmetric object are preserved by adding or removing a seam and its reflected counterpart together. We show better preservation of symmetry axis, preservation of shape of the symmetric object, and quality of image retargeting when compared to the existing methods using three quantitative measures along with the qualitative results. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

Pattern Recognition Letters

Reflection symmetry aware image retargeting

This paper analyses collective motion of multi-vehicle systems in balanced or splay formation when the vehicles are equipped with heterogeneous controller gains. Balancing refers to a situation in which the positional centroid of the vehicles is stationary. The splay formation is a special case of balancing in which the vehicles are spatially distributed with equal angular separation between them. The paper proposes strategies to achieve such balanced and splay formations about a desired centroid location while allowing the vehicles to move either along straight line paths or on individual circular orbits. Feedback control laws that can tolerate heterogeneity in the controller gains, which may be caused by imperfect implementation, are derived and analyzed. It is shown that drastic failures leading to controller gains becoming zero for almost half of the vehicles in the group can be tolerated and balanced formation can still be achieved. On the other hand, splay formation can still be achieved if the controller gain is zero for at most one vehicle. Simulation examples are given to illustrate the theoretical findings. © 2019

Journal of the Franklin Institute

Robust stabilization of balanced and splay formations with heterogeneous controller gains

Reflection symmetry is ubiquitous in nature and plays an important role in object detection and recognition tasks. Most of the existing methods for symmetry detection extract and describe each keypoint using a descriptor and a mirrored descriptor. Two keypoints are said to be mirror symmetric key-points if the original descriptor of one keypoint and the mirrored descriptor of the other keypoint are similar. However, these methods suffer from the following issue. The background pixels around the mirror symmetric pixels lying on the boundary of an object can be different. Therefore, their descriptors can be different. However, the boundary of a symmetric object is a major component of global reflection symmetry. We exploit the estimated boundary of the object and describe a boundary pixel using only the estimated normal of the boundary segment around the pixel. We embed the symmetry axes in a graph as cliques to robustly detect the symmetry axes. We show that this approach achieves state-of-the-art results in a standard dataset. © 2019 IEEE.

ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings

Reflection Symmetry Detection by Embedding Symmetry in a Graph

This paper deals with a quadrature oscillator (QO)-based demodulation technique algorithm to improve the power quality of a grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) system in the distribution network for power factor correction, load balancing, and harmonics mitigation. The QO algorithm rejects the second harmonic generated by the demodulated load current. The improved incremental conductance-based maximum power point tracking scheme is utilized to extract maximum power from a solar PV array. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of QO algorithm for steady state and dynamic conditions to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Test results show reliable, robust performance, and accurate estimation under steady state, variable insolation, load unbalancing, PV to distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) mode and DSTATCOM to PV mode. The total harmonic distortion of grid current and grid voltage lies within the limits of the IEEE 519 standard. © 2005-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics

A quadrature oscillator-based DT for accurate estimation of fundamental load current for PV system in distribution network

This paper introduces a novel self-tuned perturb and observe (SPO) algorithm for quick maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and a novel maximize-M Kalman filter (MMKF)-based control technique for optimal operation of grid-integrated solar photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion system, where linear/nonlinear loads are attached at point of common coupling (PCC). The proposed SPO is the improved form of perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm, where inherent problems of traditional P&O such as steady-state oscillation, slow dynamic responses, and fixed step size issues, are successfully mitigated. Therefore, SPO tracks maximum power peak (MPP) very rapidly, and it very accurately extracts maximum power from the PV array. The extracted power is used to meet the active power requirement of loads, and after meeting the load demand, the excess power is supplied to the grid. During power feeding, the power quality and power management are maintained by the MMKF-based control technique. In control strategy, the MMKF is used for fundamental harmonic component extraction from the grid voltage and load current, even when the grid voltage is characterized by adverse situations, such as sag, swell, harmonic distortion, dc offset, etc. Here, the SPO MPPT algorithm and MMKF-based control techniques are tested on a developed prototype. The efficient and reliable performances of SPO MPPT algorithm and MMKF-based control algorithm, in dynamic as well as in steady-state condition, are demonstrated under insolation variation conditions, nonlinear loading, as well as in different grid disturbances such as overvoltage, undervoltage, phase imbalance, harmonics distortion in the grid voltage, etc. © 2018 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Integration of Solar PV With Low-Voltage Weak Grid System: Using Maximize-M Kalman Filter and Self-Tuned P&amp;O Algorithm

This paper introduces a novel leaky least logarithmic absolute difference (LLLAD)-based control algorithm and a learning-based incremental conductance (LIC) maximum power point tracking algorithm for a grid-integrated solar photovoltaic (PV) system. Here, a three-phase topology of the grid-integrated PV system is implemented, with the nonlinear/linear loads. The proposed LIC technique is an improved form of an incremental conductance (InC) algorithm, where inherent problems of the traditional InC technique, such as steady-state oscillations, slow dynamic responses, and fixed-step-size issues, are successfully mitigated. The prime objective of the proposed LLLAD control is to meet the active power requirement of the loads from the generated solar PV power, and after satisfying the load demand, the excess power is supplied to the grid. However, when the generated solar power is less than the load demand, then LLLAD meets the load by taking extra required power from the grid. During these power management processes, on the grid side, the power quality is maintained. During daytime, the proposed control technique provides load balancing, power factor correction, and harmonic filtering. Moreover, when solar irradiation is zero, then the dc-link capacitor and a voltage-source converter act as a distribution static compensator, which enhances the utilization factor of the system. The proposed techniques are modeled, and their performances are verified experimentally on a developed prototype in solar insolation variation conditions, unbalanced loading, and in different grid disturbances such as over- and undervoltage, phase imbalance, harmonics distortion in the grid voltage, etc. Test results have met the objectives of the proposed paper, and parameters are under the permissible limit, according to the IEEE-519 standard. © 2018 IEEE.

Fulltext

Leaky-Least-Logarithmic-Absolute-Difference-Based Control Algorithm and Learning-Based InC MPPT Technique for Grid-Integrated PV System

The perturb and observe and an incremental conductance methods are most widely used for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for solar photovoltaic system. However, it suffers from loss of tracking due to dynamic weather conditions and steady-state oscillations near the maximum power point (MPP). This paper proposes a novel centroid analogy-based MPPT, where centroid analogy (CA) is hybridized with the hill climbing (HC) algorithm (CAHC). The CAHC algorithm reduces the response time, oscillations and the effects of changing insolation. The proposed technique is based on the conventional algorithm, but it has a different approach towards the goal of reaching the MPP. It is based on using CA as a method to reach the new point on the P–V curve. This CA technique reduces the number of steps taken to reach MPP considerably. The proposed method is tested on MATLAB simulation platform, as well as validated on the hardware prototype. The obtained results are compared with state-of-the-art techniques, which show the superiority and meet the objectives to develop the CAHC MPPT algorithm. © 2019, Shiraz University.