Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

This paper introduces a novel self-tuned perturb and observe (SPO) algorithm for quick maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and a novel maximize-M Kalman filter (MMKF)-based control technique for optimal operation of grid-integrated solar photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion system, where linear/nonlinear loads are attached at point of common coupling (PCC). The proposed SPO is the improved form of perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm, where inherent problems of traditional P&O such as steady-state oscillation, slow dynamic responses, and fixed step size issues, are successfully mitigated. Therefore, SPO tracks maximum power peak (MPP) very rapidly, and it very accurately extracts maximum power from the PV array. The extracted power is used to meet the active power requirement of loads, and after meeting the load demand, the excess power is supplied to the grid. During power feeding, the power quality and power management are maintained by the MMKF-based control technique. In control strategy, the MMKF is used for fundamental harmonic component extraction from the grid voltage and load current, even when the grid voltage is characterized by adverse situations, such as sag, swell, harmonic distortion, dc offset, etc. Here, the SPO MPPT algorithm and MMKF-based control techniques are tested on a developed prototype. The efficient and reliable performances of SPO MPPT algorithm and MMKF-based control algorithm, in dynamic as well as in steady-state condition, are demonstrated under insolation variation conditions, nonlinear loading, as well as in different grid disturbances such as overvoltage, undervoltage, phase imbalance, harmonics distortion in the grid voltage, etc. © 2018 IEEE.

World University root node

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Integration of Solar PV With Low-Voltage Weak Grid System: Using Maximize-M Kalman Filter and Self-Tuned P&amp;O Algorithm

This paper introduces a novel leaky least logarithmic absolute difference (LLLAD)-based control algorithm and a learning-based incremental conductance (LIC) maximum power point tracking algorithm for a grid-integrated solar photovoltaic (PV) system. Here, a three-phase topology of the grid-integrated PV system is implemented, with the nonlinear/linear loads. The proposed LIC technique is an improved form of an incremental conductance (InC) algorithm, where inherent problems of the traditional InC technique, such as steady-state oscillations, slow dynamic responses, and fixed-step-size issues, are successfully mitigated. The prime objective of the proposed LLLAD control is to meet the active power requirement of the loads from the generated solar PV power, and after satisfying the load demand, the excess power is supplied to the grid. However, when the generated solar power is less than the load demand, then LLLAD meets the load by taking extra required power from the grid. During these power management processes, on the grid side, the power quality is maintained. During daytime, the proposed control technique provides load balancing, power factor correction, and harmonic filtering. Moreover, when solar irradiation is zero, then the dc-link capacitor and a voltage-source converter act as a distribution static compensator, which enhances the utilization factor of the system. The proposed techniques are modeled, and their performances are verified experimentally on a developed prototype in solar insolation variation conditions, unbalanced loading, and in different grid disturbances such as over- and undervoltage, phase imbalance, harmonics distortion in the grid voltage, etc. Test results have met the objectives of the proposed paper, and parameters are under the permissible limit, according to the IEEE-519 standard. © 2018 IEEE.

Fulltext

Leaky-Least-Logarithmic-Absolute-Difference-Based Control Algorithm and Learning-Based InC MPPT Technique for Grid-Integrated PV System

The perturb and observe and an incremental conductance methods are most widely used for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for solar photovoltaic system. However, it suffers from loss of tracking due to dynamic weather conditions and steady-state oscillations near the maximum power point (MPP). This paper proposes a novel centroid analogy-based MPPT, where centroid analogy (CA) is hybridized with the hill climbing (HC) algorithm (CAHC). The CAHC algorithm reduces the response time, oscillations and the effects of changing insolation. The proposed technique is based on the conventional algorithm, but it has a different approach towards the goal of reaching the MPP. It is based on using CA as a method to reach the new point on the P–V curve. This CA technique reduces the number of steps taken to reach MPP considerably. The proposed method is tested on MATLAB simulation platform, as well as validated on the hardware prototype. The obtained results are compared with state-of-the-art techniques, which show the superiority and meet the objectives to develop the CAHC MPPT algorithm. © 2019, Shiraz University.

Iranian Journal of Science and Technology - Transactions of Electrical Engineering

Centroid Analogy-Based MPPT Technique for Uniformly Shaded Solar Photovoltaic Array

This paper proposes a novel normalized Laplacian kernel adaptive Kalman filter (NLKAKF) based control technique and learning based incremental conductance (LIC) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, for low-voltage weak grid-integrated solar photovoltaic (PV) system. Here, a two-stage topology of three-phase grid integrated solar PV system is implemented, where the loads are connected at the point of common coupling. Proposed LIC is the improved form of incremental conductance (InC) algorithm, where inherent problems of traditional InC technique, such as steady-state oscillation, slow dynamic responses, and fixed step size issues, are successfully mitigated. The prime objective of proposed NLKAKF control is to meet the active power requirement of the loads from generated solar PV power, and after feeding load, excess power is fed to the grid. However, when generated PV power is less than the required load power, then NLKAKF control meets the load by taking extra required power from the grid. During this process, power quality is improved at the grid. The controller action provides reactive power compensation, power factor correction, and harmonics filtering and mitigation of other power quality issues. Moreover, when the solar irradiation is zero than voltage source converter acts as a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM), which enhances the utilization factor of the system. The proposed techniques are modeled and their performances are verified experimentally on a developed prototype, in solar insolation variation conditions, unbalanced loading, as well as in different grid disturbances such as overvoltage, undervoltage, phase imbalance, harmonics distortion in the grid voltage, etc. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics

Integration of solar PV with low-voltage weak grid system: Using normalized laplacian kernel adaptive kalman filter and learning based InC algorithm

In this paper, a novel ANOVA Kernel Kalman Filter (AKKF)-based adaptive control algorithm is introduced which is used for accurate harmonics support during operation of grid-integrated solar energy conversion system (SECS). For grid integrated SECS, a single-phase two-stage topology is considered, where local loads are attached on common point of interconnection (CPI), and a battery is attached on DC link. The AKKF is the improved form of Kalman Filter (KF), where the ANOVA Kernel (AK) trick is hybridized to improve the estimation accuracy of the KF. The objective of proposed control technique is to use this solar power to fulfil the load requirement. After satisfying the load requirement, the rest of solar power is fed to the grid. However, when the solar power is not available (in nighttime), then the system operates as Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM), which provides reactive power support to the grid. The performance of the developed control technique is validated through experimentation on a developed prototype. During testing, adverse grid conditions, solar insolation variation, and load unbalance conditions are considered for satisfying the motive of the developed control technique. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers

ANOVA Kernel Kalman Filter for Multi-Objective Grid Integrated Solar Photovoltaic-Distribution Static Compensator

RF MEMS switches are small in size, consume low power and have good RF response. However, the field deployment of RF MEMS switches is restricted due to limited power handling capability and reliability issues. In literature, power handling is improved through contact area either by adding hard materials or increasing the thickness. In the present paper, calculations for contact area versus stiction forces are performed and RF MEMS ohmic switch with optimal contact area is proposed and fabricated. The power handling of RF MEMS switch is increased by 55.86% without the addition of new material or processing steps. Insertion loss and return loss of the switch are also improved using corner compensation. © 2018 IEEE.

Proceedings of the International Conference on Sensing Technology, ICST

Contact area design of ohmic RF MEMS switch for enhanced power handling

This paper presents a large stroke surface micromachined micromirror platform actuated using inverse-series-connected (ISC) bimorph actuator. The proposed structure is designed using four symmetric ICS bimorph actuator made up of Aluminum and Silicon Dioxide and a micromirror plate of sandwiched layer of SiO2 and Aluminum The platform is capable of producing both piston and tip-tilt motion by application of voltage to Aluminum layer which acts as a constituent layer of ICS bimorph and an electrical heater simultaneously. With a mirror plate size of 500 X 500 µm2, the maximum displacement is 100 µm in piston mode and 69 µm in tip-tilt mode at 0.2 V. The micromirror is capable of scanning with resonance frequencies at 4.31 and 6.70 kHz in piston and torsional mode respectively. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.

Springer Proceedings in Physics

A large stroke inverse series connected electrothermal bimorph micromirror platform for optical applications

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is gaining much attention for battery charging of electric vehicles (EVs). Resonant WPT systems play a crucial role in achieving efficient power transfer from source to load. An overview of two-element resonant compensation techniques and their characteristics under various operating conditions are presented. Also the converter and control strategies used for different topologies are reviewed. The behavior of the performance factors are evaluated against the operating conditions and compared for the different topologies. © 2019 IEEE. All rights reserved.

Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering

Comprehensive review and analysis of two-element resonant compensation topologies for wireless inductive power transfer systems

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of salubrinal on nitric oxide mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling and neuronal apoptosis. Rotenone treatment to neuro2a cells caused significantly decreased cell viability, increased cytotoxicity, augmented nitrite levels, increased nitrotyrosine level and augmented level of key ER stress markers (GRP-78, GADD153 and caspase-12). These augmented levels of ER stress markers could be attenuated with pretreatment of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor-aminoguanidine as well as with salubrinal. The rotenone treatment to neuro2a cells also triggered the ER stress induced up regulation of various signaling factors of unfolded protein response involving pPERK, ATF4, p-IRE1α, XBP-1 and ATF-6. Pretreatment of salubrinal significantly attenuated the activation of transmembrane kinases (PERK and IRE1) and ATF6 and restored the rotenone induced altered level of other UPR related signaling factors. Rotenone induced dephosphorylation of eIF2α was also inhibited with salubrinal treatment. Biochemically rotenone treatment to neuro2a cells caused the reactive oxygen species generation, depleted mitochondrial membrane potential and increased intra cellular calcium level which was attenuated with salubrinal treatment. Rotenone treatment to neuro2a cells also caused neuronal apoptosis, DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation which were attenuated with salubrinal treatment. In conclusion, the findings suggested that rotenone causes the augmented level of nitric oxide which contributes in ER stress and could be inhibited by both aminoguanidine and/or salubrinal treatment. Further, salubrinal treatment attenuates the nitric oxide induced ER stress axis PERK:IRE1α:ATF-6 and inhibits the DNA damage and neuronal apoptosis. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering

Neurochemistry International

Salubrinal attenuates nitric oxide mediated PERK:IRE1α: ATF-6 signaling and DNA damage in neuronal cells

This paper presents selective acetone detection using MoO 3 (molybdenum trioxide) as a sensing layer. The nanostructures were synthesized using seedless and wafer scale synthesis process. The developed synthesis process is scalable and compatible with IC technology. In order to enhance the sensitivity of the sensor, an on chip Ni (nickel) heater configuration was fabricated for heating the sensor platform. In order to reduce the power consumption, a diaphragm was created using standard Reactive Ion Etching (RIE). © 2018 IEEE.