Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

There are several physical systems which exhibit two-time scale property. When these systems are controlled through networks, uniform sampling causes an extra burden on the network bandwidth. Furthermore, uniform sampling of slow and fast variables leads to over-sampling of slow variables. This work proposes an event-trigger theory which leverages the physical property of discrete two-time scale system to reduce the requirement of network bandwidth. Events in slow and fast variables occur as per their respective dynamics and based on the occurrence of a respective event, only slow or fast variables are communicated through a network. Thus the communication of the state is carried out based on an event of the respective set of variables. Simulation studies are presented to validate the theoretical developments. © 2019 EUCA.

World University root node

2019 18th European Control Conference, ECC 2019

Event-trigger control of discrete two-time scale system by leveraging its intrinsic properties

This paper proposes periodic event-triggered control of singularly perturbed systems. The proposed triggering strategy allows periodic evaluation of triggering rule. Continuous state measurements are no longer required, instead, the states are measured periodically and are transmitted to controller only if certain condition based on the system performance is satisfied. Another advantage of this triggering mechanism is that there exists a uniform positive lower bound on the inter-event time which is equal to one sampling period at least. In this work, we use independent event-triggering mechanism for the slow and fast variables of the system. This allows state variables to be sampled at their natural frequency avoiding oversampling of slow variables. The proposed strategy ensures bounded stability of the closed-loop system. Simulation results are included to show the efficacy of the proposed method. © 2019 IEEE.

2019 6th Indian Control Conference, ICC 2019 - Proceedings

Periodic Event triggered Control of Singularly Perturbed systems

In this work, we have explored the effect of TIPSpentacene: polystyrene (PS) blend on electrical performance and photo-response of solution processed organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). It was observed that though the blend OFETs show better electrical performance, the photo-responsivity (R) of neat TIPS-pentacene OFETs was significantly better. This study was performed for different color lights such as blue, red, and green, as well as for ultraviolet light (UV). R was highest for blue color (~2600 mA/W for neat, ~230 mA/W for blend), and smaller for other cases. Low R value in blend devices is attributed to less trapping of photo-generated charge carriers during photo-illumination compared to their neat counterparts. © 2019 IEEE.

2019 IEEE 14th Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference, NMDC 2019

Effect of polymer blend on electrical performance and photo-response of TIPS-Pentacene OFETs

Various ocular diseases, such as cataract, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma have affected a large proportion of the population worldwide. In ophthalmology, fundus photography is used for the diagnosis of such retinal disorders. Nowadays, the set-up of fundus image acquisition has changed from a fixed position to portable devices, making acquisition more vulnerable to distortions. However, a trustworthy diagnosis solely relies upon the quality of the fundus image. In recent years, fundus image quality assessment (IQA) has drawn much attention from researchers. This study presents a detailed survey of the fundus IQA research. The survey covers a comprehensive discussion on the factors affecting the fundus image quality and the real-time distortions. The fundus IQA algorithms have been analysed on the basis of the methodologies used and divided into three classes, namely: (i) similarity-based, (ii) segmentation-based, and (iii) machine learning based. In addition, limitations of state of the art in this research field are also presented with the possible solutions. The objective of this study is to provide a detailed information about the fundus IQA research with its significance, present status, limitations, and future scope. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first survey paper on the fundus IQA research. © 2019 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

Fulltext

IET Image Processing

Fundus image quality assessment: Survey, challenges, and future scope

Two-dimensional \alpha-MoO3 semiconductor material having wide band gap can be potentially used in a wide range of UV-light detection application. Here, we grown the large-scale film composed of \alpha-MoO3 microplates by using chemical vapor deposition process and fabricated a UV detector. The X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the continuity and crystallinity of the deposited MoO3 film on SiO2/Si substrate. The device exhibited a high responsivity of 500 mA/W and a photo/dark current ratio of over 6 and a significant fast response time under UV-light (360 nm) irradiation. An efficient UV-light detection of the MoO3 microplates can be attributed to the depletion-layer modulation process. © 2019 IEEE.

IEMECON 2019 - 9th Annual Information Technology, Electromechanical Engineering and Microelectronics Conference

Ultraviolet photodetector based on chemical vapor deposition grown MoO3 microplates

We report sensitive and selective AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT)-based sensor for Lead ion (Pb2+) detection. The gate region of the HEMT was functionalized by 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMTD). The response of the sensor is observed by monitoring drain to source current (\text{I} {\textsf {DS}}) for different concentrations of Pb2+ ions at a fixed drain to source voltage (\text{V} {\textsf {DS}} ). Our sensor reaches the lower detection limit of 0.018 ppb, which is much lower than the standard detection limit recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water. Furthermore, the sensor exhibited a rapid response time of 4 seconds and high sensitivity of 0.607μ \text{A} /ppb. Moreover, the selectivity analysis was performed and found that the sensor was highly selective towards Pb2+ ions. The change in electron concentration at 2-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) upon the capture of Pb2+ ions at gate region by DMTD, causes a change in the \text{I} {\textsf {DS}} , which showed excellent sensing response towards Pb2+ ions. The highly sensitive, selective, and rapid detection of Pb2+ ions paves the way for stable sensing performance based on DMTD functionalized AlGaN/GaN HEMT sensor. © 1980-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Electron Device Letters

Sensitive and Selective Detection of Pb2+ Ions Using 2,5-Dimercapto-1,3,4-Thiadiazole Functionalized AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor

Increase penetration of intermittent renewable sources causes reduction and time variation in system inertia, forcing dynamic changes in system coherency status. Besides increased penetration levels, other factors like intermittent generation and change in distribution of renewables also influence the system coherency that needs to be addressed. This paper examines the impact of variability of renewables on system coherency and proposes a coherency identification method based on spectrum similarity approach. The proposed method uses discrete cosine Stockwell transform to derive multiple time-frequency (TF) features that captures pair-wise similarity between synchrophasor frequency signals. Thereafter, mean shift spectral clustering is used to cluster the buses with most homogeneous TF spectrum. The proposed method is validated with renewable generation in the IEEE-39 bus system and a real transmission system of India grid. © 1969-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems

A Spectrum Similarity Approach for Identifying Coherency Change Patterns in Power System Due to Variability in Renewable Generation

Real-time classification of events facilitates corrective control strategies, supervisory protection schemes, and on-line transient stability assessment of a power system. The synchrophasor-based event classification techniques face challenges like similar responses for different classes of events, i.e., inter-class similarity (ICS), applicability to limited classes of events, and moderate real-time performance for a large power system. In addition, the enhanced ICS effect of increased renewable penetration on events classification needs to be addressed. This paper proposes a kernel density estimation approach for accurate real-time classification of events in a power system with renewables using synchrophasor data. The proposed method uses a diffusion type kernel density estimator (DKDE) to characterize the shape of 3-D voltage and frequency distribution along time in terms of probability density functions (PDFs). That have distinct scale, shape, and orientation for different classes of events. Thereafter, a set of statistical features is derived from PDFs to train a multi-layered deep neural network for event classification. The proposed method is validated for renewables in IEEE-39 bus system and real transmission system of India grid using DIgSILENT/PowerFactory and also on a real phasor measurement unit data for India grid, where it showed better performance for ICS and renewable integration cases. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid

Real-Time Event Classification in Power System with Renewables Using Kernel Density Estimation and Deep Neural Network

In this work, a Novel Adaptive Filter (NAF) is proposed for optimal control of grid-integrated solar PV (Photovoltaic) generating system. The proposed NAF is the improved form of classical adaptive vectorial filter (AVF), where inherent problems of AVF technique, like unable to handle the phase imbalance and phase shift issues, are successfully mitigated. For performance evaluation of NAF based control technique, a single-stage topology of three-phase grid integrated solar PV system is taken, where the loads are connected at the PCC (Point of Common Coupling). The prime objective of proposed NAF based control technique is to meet the active power requirement of loads from generated solar PV power, and after fulfill the load demand, the excess power is supplied to the grid. However, when generated PV power is not sufficient for the load then the NAF based control fulfills the load demand by taking extra required power from the grid. During this process, the power quality of the grid power is improved. The controller action provides, power factor correction, harmonics filtering and mitigation of other power quality issues. Moreover, when the solar irradiation is zero, then the voltage source converter acts as a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM), which enhances the utilization factor of the system. The proposed techniques are modeled and their performances are verified experimentally on a developed prototype, in solar insolation variation conditions, unbalanced loading, as well as in different grid disturbances such as overvoltage, under-voltage, phase imbalance, harmonics distortion in the grid voltage etc. © 2018 IEEE.

4th IEEE International Conference on Universal Village 2018, UV 2018

Integration of Solar PV Generation with Distribution Grid: Using Novel Adaptive Filter Based Control Technique

Several different ambient energy sources available like ocean waves, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity and physical motions. The energy harvesting from these sources are applicable to WSNs and portable electronic equipment. This paper review about energy harvesting technologies their significance and limitations. © 2017 IEEE.