Department of Electrical Engineering

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IIT Jodhpur

Blind signal modulation recognition is an essential block for designing a cognitive radio. Different algorithms are developed in the literature, but few are given with detailed implementation. This study proposes a software-defined radio based implementation of blind signal modulation recogniser (BSMR) on field-programmable gate array (FPGA), which works without any prior knowledge of the received signal. The algorithm estimates carrier frequency offset, symbol rate, symbol timing offset, and corrects the signal for these offsets to extract constellation points. It uses clustering structure formed by constellation signature in I/Q plane to detect the modulation for different orders of ASK, PSK, and QAM. The proposed algorithm is deployed on FPGA, using LabVIEW, for a reliable and reconfigurable platform. The algorithm is optimised to use minimum hardware resources and facilitate future up-gradation. The system developed by implementing the algorithm on NI-FlexRIO-7975 FPGA module with NI-5791 adapter detects modulation type in real time without any training. Signals for testing are generated using NI-PXIe-5673 (RF transmitter), and BSMR identifies the modulation type in 81.451 ms under additive white Gaussian noise channel. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2020

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IET Communications

Implementation of modulation classifier over software defined radio

In typical urban or suburban environments, multipath poses a serious threat to the accuracy of position determined by a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver. In this paper, a novel multipath mitigation technique is proposed for general multipath scenarios encountered in the urban settings. In the proposed technique, a double differentiated correlation function based histogram output is used to estimate the code delay. It is shown that the proposed technique provides significant improvements over the current state of the art techniques like high resolution correlator/double delta correlator and narrow correlator. The results hold for general multipath models for the mobile-satellite channels. The performance guarantees include closed form expressions for the probability of correct delay estimate and simulation results for the average range error variation with respect to carrier to noise ratio (CNR), signal bandwidth and different channel settings.

IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology

A Novel Multipath Mitigation Technique for GNSS Signals in Urban Scenarios

Power-line communication (PLC) is a cost-effective and promising communication technology for many smart grid applications. However, the presence of additive and multiplicative power line noises deteriorate the performance of a PLC system. In this paper, we propose signal space diversity (SSD) technique for a cooperative PLC system. The additive PLC channel noise is assumed to be Bernoulli-Gaussian–distributed. The multiplicative PLC channel noise gain is characterized by log-normal distribution. The closed-form expressions of the average symbol error rate (SER) and outage probability of cooperative PLC system with SSD have been derived in this paper. It has been shown that the proposed cooperative PLC system results in achieving better spectral efficiency, as well as the reliability of the received signal. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies

Performance analysis of cooperative power-line communication system with signal space diversity

Power line communications (PLC) system performance is severely affected by the presence of impulsive noise and channel gain. Many communication systems employ a combination of forward error correction and automatic repeat request (ARQ) to detect transmission errors known as hybrid ARQ (HARQ). Thus, HARQ can be used to improve the reliability of a PLC system. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a PLC system under the influence of impulsive noise over Rayleigh and Log-Normal channel gains using HARQ with chase combining scheme. Closed-form expressions of the analytical outage probability are derived for these two channel gain scenarios. Using the expression for outage probability, we also compute the average throughput for the PLC system under the given channel gain scenarios. It is observed by the analysis that the outage performance of the considered PLC system is significantly improved with the use of HARQ. © 2020 IEEE.

IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference

Performance of Hybrid ARQ over Power Line Communications Channels

Resolution of POF based pressure sensor was improved by suppressing voltage fluctuation in LED-fiber-Photodiode setup using time windowing technique. This reduced the standard deviation by 98%, thereby showing significant improvement in gait analysis images. © 2020 IEEE.

2020 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim, CLEO-PR 2020 - Proceedings

Novel Contrast Enhancing Technique for Gait Analysis Images

The occurrence of motion blur along with defocus blur is a common phenomena in natural images. Usually, these blurs are spatially varying in nature for any general image and estimation of one type of blur is affected by presence of other. In this paper, we propose a novel method to estimate the concurrent defocus and motion blurs in a single image. Unlike the recent methods, which perform well only on simulated conditions or in presence of single type of blur, proposed method works well for real images as well as for compressed images. In this paper, we consider only commonly associated motion and defocus blurs for analysis. Decoupling of motion and defocus blur provides a fundamental tool that can be used for various analysis and applications. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology

Simultaneous estimation of defocus and motion blurs from single image using equivalent gaussian representation

In this paper, an enhanced optimal control technique based on adaptive Maximize-M Kalman filter (AM-MKF) is used. To maximize power extraction from solar PV (Photovoltaic) panel, a learning-based hill climbing (L-HC) algorithm is implemented for a grid integrated solar PV system. For the testing, a three-phase system configuration based on 2-stage topology, and the deployed load on a common connection point (CCP) are considered. The L-HC MPPT algorithm is the modified version of HC (Hill Climbing) algorithm, where issues like, oscillation in steady-state condition and, slow response during dynamic change condition are mitigated. The AM-MKF is an advanced version of KF (Kalman Filter), where for optimal estimation in KF, an AM-M (Adaptive Maximize-M) concept is integrated. The key objective of the novel control strategy is to extract maximum power from the solar panel and to meet the demand of the load. After satisfying the load demand, the rest power is transferred to the grid. However, in the nighttime, the system is used for reactive power support, which mode of operation is known as a DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator). The capability of developed control strategies, is proven through testing on a prototype. During experimentation, different adverse grid conditions, unbalanced load situation and variable solar insolation are considered. In these situations, the satisfactory performances of control techniques prove the effectiveness of the developed control strategy. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers

A Framework of L-HC and AM-MKF for Accurate Harmonic Supportive Control Schemes

This paper describes shape modification of microcantilever to enhance the sensitivity and reliability of a MEMS based wind speed sensor. Finite element analysis simulations with COMSOL and the experimental results have been compared to evaluate the performance of the fabricated sensor. The sensitivity is increased with modified structure to 108.46 μV/V-ms–1. Use of full cut stress concentration regions results in substantial increase of nearly four times the sensitivity of a simple rectangular paddle microcantilever. Introducing fillets at the paddle-cantilever junction resulted in improved reliability. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Microelectronics Reliability

Sensitivity and reliability enhancement of a MEMS based wind speed sensor

In this communication, the design and working principle of a wideband microstrip to substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) planar transition for millimeter-wave applications is presented. In the proposed work, along with tapering of microstrip line, two triangular slots in the top ground plane are utilised to compensate for the discontinuity arising at the microstrip-SICL junction minimize reflections over a wide bandwidth. To confirm the theoretical claims, the proposed microstrip to SICL transition is fabricated using standard multilayer PCB process. The measured results of the prototype indicate return loss better than 14 dB with a maximum insertion loss of 1.78 dB for DC to 40 GHz band (19 dB bandwidth up to 20 GHz with insertion loss less than 0.71 dB). The modeling of proposed transition is presented versatility of the design is illustrated for different dielectric constant thickness. Effortless integration of SICL with the widely used microstrip transmission line simplifies the feeding process of SICL based broadband antennas microwave circuits. © 2013 IEEE.

IEEE Access

Design of Wideband Microstrip to SICL Transition for Millimeter-Wave Applications

In this paper, the design of first order sliding mode control (SMC) and twisting control based on the reduced order sliding function is proposed for the robust stabilization of an class of uncertain nonlinear single-input system. This method greatly simplifies the control design as the sliding function is linear, which is based on reduced order state vector. The nonlinear system is represented as a cascade interconnection of two subsystems driving and driven subsystems. Sliding surface and SMC are designed for only the driving subsystem that guarantees the asymptotic stability of the entire system. To show the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes, the simulation results of translational oscillator with rotational actuator are illustrated. © 2019 Chinese Automatic Control Society and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd