Department of Electrical Engineering

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The sprawling 852-acre IIT Jodhpur campus is a majestic tribute to the deep-rooted diverse cultural heritage of the region. The campus is an architectural masterpiece, which is slated to become an international exemplar of sustainability with net-zero energy, and advanced water and waste management strategies.&rdquo;

IIT Jodhpur

A simple method was developed to metallize silicon nanowires using an elec-troless displacement deposition reaction. The resulting metal nanoparticles were self-assembled along a nanowire core to get a metal covering. The silver nanoparti-cles array aggregated along the nanowire was used as a SERS substrate. The en-hancement for SERS response was high even from a single metallized nanowire. The significantly high enhancement came from the close interdistance among the neighbouring nanoparticles aggregated along nanowire by self-assembly. © 2008 CBMS.

World University root node

12th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences - The Proceedings of MicroTAS 2008 Conference

Metallization of silicon nanowires and SERS response from a single metal-lized nanowire

Present work deals with the development of capacitive porous alumina based trace moisture sensor in the range of 50 to 500 ppm(V) fabricated by low cost sol-gel technique. For its commercial usefulness, the cross-sensitivities due to the presence of organic vapours like ethanol, methanol, acetone and benzene are studied. The effects of ambient temperature have also been studied. Experimental results show that moisture sensor is responsive to the polar organic vapours but has almost negligible response to the nonpolar molecules like benzene. However compared to the moisture sensitivity, the sensor response to the organic vapours is very small. copy; 2008 IEEE.

Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Sensing Technology, ICST 2008

Study of cross- sensitivity of porous alumina based trace moisture sensor in dry gases

This paper presents a switched predictive coding method for lossless compression of video. In the proposed method, a set of switched predictors is found by a training process that uses only a small number of successive frames of a video and then the trained predictors are used with a large number of the frames of the video. To -nd the predictors, the pixels of the successive frames are first classified based on an estimate of activity level in their neighbouring pixels and then LS based feedback type of predictors are estimated for all the pixels belonging to each of the classes. We propose a total of 21 classes, which are obtained by combining the seven slope bins of Gradient Adjusted Predictor (GAP) and three classi-ed temporal contexts. After collecting the predictors for pixels belonging to each of the 21 classes, the best predictor, in terms of minimum zero-order entropy, is chosen to represent the various classes. Simulation results show that the application of the set of the predictors results in competitive performance with the LOPT - one of the best methods in terms of achievable compression ratio. Our method and LOPT has same order of coding complexity while our decoder is computationally very simple as against high complexity of LOPT based decoder. © 2008 IEEE.

Proceedings - 6th Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, ICVGIP 2008

A switched predictive coding method for lossless video coding

In this paper, we propose a generalized method to design sliding hyperplane for variable structure control in the discrete time domain. The well-known Lyapunov inequality of full order will be used for generating the {it stable} sliding hyperplanes without loss of generality, which shows the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of stable sliding hyperplane for multi-input-multi-output systems. Also, we derive a desirable reaching law that guarantees the attractiveness of the boundary layer. Then, it will be shown that the results (obtained with full state feedback information) can be generalized for the discrete time output feedback case by adopting multi-rate output feedback (MROF). Copyright © 2007 International Federation of Automatic Control All Rights Reserved.

IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline)

A Lyapunov approach for discrete-time sliding hyperplane design and robust sliding mode control usin

The advent of electronic controllers in the field of gas turbine control has allowed the implementation of sophisticated control algorithms. The design of a control system requires accurate models of the plant to be controlled. A real-time program for the dynamic simulation of a gas turbine engine has been developed. Most of the control design techniques need the linear representation of a plant at various operating points. In this regard, the linear analysis tool box of MATLAB-SIMULINK (Anon., 2004, SIM-ULINK: User's Guide, The Math Works, Inc.) has been used to obtain linear models at various operating points. The linear models are discretized at various sampling times. The algorithm for discrete sliding mode control using the output samples has been reviewed and the same has been used to develop a controller for the gas turbine engine. A fast output sampling sliding mode controller is synthesized using a linear model of the engine. The controller developed is implemented in the nonlinear model and simulation with external disturbance is carried out. The responses with and without the controller are compared. It is shown that discrete sliding mode control law can be directly obtained in terms of the output samples and immediate past control function. The control law thus obtained is of practical importance. The algorithm needs the states of the system neither for feedback purpose nor for switching function evaluation. Thus, it is easily implemented in practice. The algorithm is compututionally simple and easy to implement on a gas turbine. Copyright © 2008 by ASME.

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

Sliding mode control of gas turbines using multirate-output feedback

Nanowire (NW) devices, particularly the gate-all-around (GAA) CMOS architecture, have emerged as the frontrunner for pushing CMOS scaling beyond the roadmap. These devices offer unique advantages over their planar counterparts which make them feasible as an option for 22-nm and beyond technology nodes. This paper reviews the current technology status for realizing the GAA NW device structures and their applications in logic circuit and nonvolatile memories. We also take a glimpse into applications of NWs in the "more-than-Moore" regime and briefly discuss the application of NWs as biochemical sensors. Finally, we summarize the status and outline the challenges and opportunities of the NW technology. © 2008 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

Si, SiGe nanowire devices by top-down technology and their applications

This paper deals with application of wavelet transform to detect busbar faults and to provide backup protection for external faults. The detail coefficients of a source CT current, feeder current and Zone-2 current are obtained over a narrow moving window. The fault indexes of differential and source CT current signals obtained are compared with their respective threshold values to detect the internal faults. In the event of feeder and Zone-2 faults, the d-coefficients of differential current have a time shift compared to that of source current. Further the external fault is located by comparing the polarities of peak d-coefficient of source, feeder and Zone-2 currents. The scheme is tested for different types of external and internal faults with variation in incidence angles and fault impedance. The proposed scheme detects internal faults and locates external faults even in the presence of current transformer saturation. © 2008 IEEE.

2008 IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, ICSET 2008

A transient current based bus zone protection scheme using wavelet transform

Arrhythmia is caused due to the changes in the normal rhythm of heart with great risk of fatality if sustained over long periods of time. Many machine-learning algorithms have been developed for a fast diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia. Also, the decision accuracies vary from method to method with Support Vector Machines (SVM) giving the highest. However, SVM cannot deal with the uncertainties in the process of diagnosis. Therefore, the authors have considered the Rough Set method for this classification. Analysis has been done with and without reducing the number of features. It has been found that the classification accuracies vary between 87% and 54% respectively. It may be emphasized that rough set reasons out all the possibilities and the decision could be as close as human diagnosis. The experimental results are presented. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.

Innovations and Advanced Techniques in Systems, Computing Sciences and Software Engineering

Classification of arrhythmia using rough sets

This article, presents discrete sliding mode control algorithm using multirate output feedback for control of stepper motor. The algorithm developed by the authors uses past output samples and past control inputs. When all the states of the system are neither physical variable nor available for measurement, multirate output feedback can be used. The stepper motor is known to be a differentially flat system. The dynamics of the stepper motor are highly nonlinear, hence feedback linearization based on endogenous feedback has been used. The linear model is obtained and multirate output feedback-based discrete sliding mode control has been designed. The discrete sliding mode control with multirate output feedback has been applied for regulator as well as tracking case for the motor. The proposed algorithm uses only two outputs. It is essentially shown that first output needs to be sampled only once and second output must be sampled at least thrice in every sampling interval in order to achieve acceptable performance. The system parameter variation has been considered and the results obtained are found to be satisfactory. Thus, it has been shown that discrete sliding mode control algorithm using multirate output feed back can be extended to a class of nonlinear MIMO system.

International Journal of Systems Science

Discrete time output feedback sliding mode control for nonlinear MIMO system: A stepper motor case

Video is a powerful tool to show various activities but generally we use still images to show a condensed video, which is problematic in viewing and comprehending. Thus, there is a need for a summarized surveillance video. A fundamental goal of any video summarization or synopsis technique with reference to a surveillance video is to reduce the Spatio-temporal redundancy. The activity in any surveillance video is very less as compared to the total length of the video. The spatial redundancy is removed by showing two activities that happened in different frames at different spatial locations in a single frame. Temporal redundancy is removed by detecting the frames having low activity and then deleting those frames. We then generate a stroboscopic video, which traces path of the extracted object. Lastly, we introduce a Media Player, which indexes the video synopsis to the original video demonstrating how the video synopsis can be used as an effective tool. © 2008 IEEE.