Department of Computer Science & Engineering

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Flexibility in curriculum, in all its academic programs, encompassing elements of teaching, research, creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship is the most unique feature of IIT Jodhpur. The Department of Science and Technology (DST), under the National Mission on Cyber Physical Systems, has identified IIT Jodhpur as a Technology &amp; Innovation Hub in the area of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality. The institute has also been nominated as the coordinator for the Jodhpur City and Knowledge Cluster by the Office of Principal Scientific Adviser, Government of India.

The sprawling 852-acre IIT Jodhpur campus is a majestic tribute to the deep-rooted diverse cultural heritage of the region. The campus is an architectural masterpiece, which is slated to become an international exemplar of sustainability with net-zero energy, and advanced water and waste management strategies.&rdquo;

IIT Jodhpur

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IIIT-Delhi

Detecting Iris spoofing attacks

In this paper, a low-power readout using reconfigurable cyclic ADC for CMOS image sensors is proposed. It reduces the total number of pixels to be read by taking advantage of pixel correlation. The required number of ADC operations is reduced, resulting in power saving. In contrast to the existing pixel correlation-based approaches, which focus only on the intensity differences, in the proposed method, the polarity of the differences is also taken into account. It helps in preserving fine edges representing features such as texture. The discarded or unread pixels are interpolated on-chip while reconfiguring the ADC input range according to the interpolation step size. Furthermore, this reduces the number of ADC conversion cycles by 25% to 50% for interpolation steps of 16 LSB and 64 LSBs, respectively. The ADC is designed and fabricated in UMC 180-nm CMOS technology, and the proposed method is verified for standard test images. The reconstructed images incorporating ADC non-linearities result in average Pratt's FoM values of 0.88, 0.86, and 0.81 for 60%, 70%, and 74% compression, respectively. The corresponding best values achieved by the existing approaches are 0.86, 0.80, and 0.77, respectively. The improvement in FoM is observed due to the consideration of polarity information. The proposed technique results from 33% to 50% power saving for 80% compression in 512times512 image, using reconfigurable ADC. Therefore, it is suitable for a power efficient CMOS sensor design. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

Department of Electrical Engineering

IEEE Sensors Journal

A Power Efficient Image Sensor Readout with On-Chip δ -Interpolation Using Reconfigurable ADC

The source-based routing using quality of service (QoS) metrics results in alternate path discovery considering link-availability time, link costs, and path delays to overcome the barrier of information blocking on a selected path by choosing alternative routes. However, multipath selection, as well as the cost of selecting a path, make the route selection a challenging task. This paper proposes a vehicle orientation based QoS routing in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), called OBQR that exploits vehicle orientational information instead of magnitude information. The cosine similarity concept with a preliminary scalarization model converts the multi-constraint objectives into a single constraint objective to find a set of possible paths to the destination. We evaluate the performance of our approach and compare it with existing state-of-the-art schemes based on QoS routing and clustering. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly improves path selection and load balancing with better QoS routing performance. © 2020 ACM.

MSWiM 2020 - Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems

OBQR: Orientation-Based Source QoS Routing in VANETs

Cloud computing is a developing technology that is yet unclear to many security issues. Data in the untrusted clouds can be encrypted using an encryption algorithm. Randomising this data provides more security which can be achieved by padding concept in the cloud. In this paper, the user’s data is encrypted using padding scheme, called Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (OAEP) together with Hybrid Encryption algorithm that is based on RSA (i.e., HERSA), to allow multiple parties to compute a function on their inputs while preserving integrity and confidentiality. The homomorphic encryption is performed on the encrypted data without decrypting it in computationally powerful clouds, and the Secure MultiParty Computation (SMPC) can be used in the cloud to ensure security and privacy of the users. In this paper, we propose a scheme that integrates the Multi-Party Computation (MPC) with homomorphic encryption to allow calculations of encrypted data without decryption. The cryptographic techniques used in our cloud model are described, and the overheads are compared with homomorphic encryption and MPC. Copyright © 2020 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing

A hybrid algorithm for secure cloud computing

Vehicular communications are used in various safety and business applications in today's technological world for user benefits. In this, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication enables users to exchange meaningful information with nearby vehicles directly. In general, vehicles move faster on the highway rather than the intersection road environment, and thus, a robust system is required to communicate efficiently and securely. Recently, researchers have designed various message dissemination schemes, but different concerns (i.e., security threats, more execution time, high communication overhead, and storage cost) are present in these systems, and it leads to unreliability for on-the-fly communication. Therefore, in this article, we propose an efficient and secure V2V data transmission protocol using a one-way hash function to send valuable information at the receiver side quickly. The results present that the suggested scheme performs better in execution time, storage cost, communication overhead, and energy consumption compared to the existing V2V protocols. Further, the proposed method resists various security attacks, i.e., modification, impersonation, replay, man-in-the-middle, stolen on-board-unit, password guessing, and concatenation. © 2007-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Systems Journal

Lightweight Secure Message Broadcasting Protocol for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are gaining traction in day to day applications where data has to be gathered in hostile environments using low computing power sensors. As these sensors are deployed in hostile environments, strong authentication mechanisms are essential to guarantee the safety and security of the data being transferred. But, these strong authentication mechanisms are computationally heavy for the low power sensors. So, there is a need for a lightweight and secure authentication protocol for WSNs. Applications of these sensor ranges from healthcare to oil and exploration. The security of the data being gathered and transmitted is of utmost importance as they can correlate to life and death situations in some instances. So, employment of extremely secure schemes is a necessity but all these schemes are computationally very expensive and require powerful hardware. The sensors used in WSN are designed for low power environments, and longevity and hence do not possess these hardware resources to secure the communication. Hardware-level, as well as lightweight operations, have to employ for securing the communication. This procedure also preserves the integrity of data being gathered and transmitted by the sensor through these WSNs. © 2020 IEEE.

2020 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, IWCMC 2020

A Lightweight and Secure Authentication Protocol for WSN

This work presents the evaluation of the downlink (DL) performance of a dual-layer cellular networks by using energy efficiency (EE) metric, where femto base stations (FBSs), macro base stations (MBSs) and users (FUs) form independent spatial Poisson point processes (PPPs). The proposed network model is developed by considering number of antennas at each BS alongside a single antenna at each user with the use of the conventional spectrum re-utilization approach. Then, Coverage probability and EE expressions for the dual-layer cellular networks are exclusively derived analytically. It is also demonstrated that simulation results are almost inline with the analytical one in the PPP-based model. While coverage probability deteriorates with less margin in the lower FBS density region compared to the scheme presented in Xu and Qiu [“Energy efficiency optimization for MIMO broadcast channels,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., Vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 690–701, Feb. 2013.] signalled not much turnaround of the network performance, EE in the lower and the upper FBS density regions are likely to remain between (Formula presented.) to (Formula presented.) Bits/Joule and (Formula presented.) to (Formula presented.) Bits/Joule, respectively. Proposed scheme tells us that it is firmly on course to match up with Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANET) applications without incurring high cost as EE, low latency, coverage probability and low power adaptability are back on good growth path. © 2021 IETE.

Fulltext

IETE Technical Review (Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers, India)

Femtocells Underlaid Macro-Cellular Networks

With the rapid technological advancement of the universal internet of vehicles (UIoV), it becomes crucial to ensure safe and secure communication over the network, in an effort to achieve the implementation objective of UIoV effectively. A UIoV is characterized by highly dynamic topology, scalability, and thus vulnerable to various types of security and privacy attacks (i.e., replay attack, impersonation attack, man-in-middle attack, non-repudiation, and modification). Since the components of UIoV are constrained by numerous factors (e.g., low memory devices, low power), which makes UIoV highly susceptible. Therefore, existing schemes to address the privacy and security facets of UIoV exhibit an enormous scope of improvement in terms of time complexity and efficiency. This paper presents a lightweight authentication and batch verification scheme (LABVS) for UIoV using a bilinear map and cryptographic operations (i.e., one-way hash function, concatenation, XOR) to minimize the rate of message loss occurred due to delay in response time as in single message verification scheme. Subsequently, the scheme results in a high level of security and privacy. Moreover, the performance analysis substantiates that LABVS minimizes the computational delay and has better performance in the delay-sensitive network in terms of security and privacy as compared to the existing schemes. © 2020 IEEE.

IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference

LABVS: Lightweight Authentication and Batch Verification Scheme for Universal Internet of Vehicles (UIoV)

Ensuring secure transmission over the communication channel is a fundamental responsibility to achieve the implementation objective of universal internet of vehicles (UIoV) efficiently. Characteristics like highly dynamic topology and scalability of UIoV makes it more vulnerable to different types of privacy and security attacks. Considerable scope of improvement in terms of time complexity and performance can be observed within the existing schemes that address the privacy and security aspects of UIoV. In this paper, we present an improvised authentication and lightweight batch verification method for security and privacy in UIoV. The suggested method reduces the message loss rate, which occurred due to the response time delay by implementing some low-cost cryptographic operations like one-way hash function, concatenation, XOR, and bilinear map. Furthermore, the performance analysis proves that the proposed method is more reliable that reduces the computational delay and has a better performance in the delay-sensitive network as compared to the existing schemes. The experimental results are obtained by implementing the proposed scheme on a desktop-based configuration as well as Raspberry Pi 4. © 2020 IEEE.

An Efficient Lightweight Authentication and Batch Verification Scheme for Universal Internet of Vehicles (UIoV)

With the growing needs of data across the world, it is almost hard to live without data a day. The fog computing concept is aiming to change the scenarios created by Cloud Computing environments and also to make the data-centric clouds decentralized and localized. Fog devices which aim to be at a shorter distance with the user, access data from the cloud itself. Hence, exchanging data between the cloud and fog device(s) is required and in this context security and privacy come into the picture to provide data confidentiality. This paper first shows an architecture for the data flow model between the cloud and fog computing and then designs an authentication protocol with proper key establishment between the cloud, fog, and user. We have simulated the proposed protocol using a popular simulator i.e., Scyther and proved that the parameters used in our protocol are strongly protected during protocol execution. Besides, our informal security analysis also confirms the robustness of the protocol. Our protocol achieves quick responses in comparison with state-of-the-art because of less computation overhead. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.