MgAl2O4 particles were in-situ synthesised in Al-Mg melts using SiO2 precursor assisted by ultrasonic treatment (UT). 7 to 8 Fold reduction in grain size is achieved in Al-1Mg-0.1SiO2 alloy subjected to 5 min UT. Reason behind the grain reduction is explained in terms of ultrasonic cavitation activated SiO2 reduction reaction, thereby increasing the number density of MgAl2O4 particles and their wettability. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.