Sustainable supply of water and energy has always been essential for socio-economic development. Flocculation, adsorption, and membrane filtration are among the most cost-effective techniques for water purification. However, in today's world, hybrid technology has emerged as a potential alternative for membrane filtration water purification. Further, the hybrid system is more energy-efficient and takes up less space than membrane filtration alone, including double-pass Reverse Osmosis. The reuse of wastewater for the production of drinkable water has indeed been made possible due to rapid developments in membrane filtration technology. The potential applications of membrane technologies and their existing position in the realm of water and energy sustainability are discussed in this chapter. Further, the rapidly progressing hybrid membrane filtering technologies, as well as future research prospects are also discussed in this chapter. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.