For peace, and the welfare and well-being of humans, fresh water is essential. Atoms are a source of abundant energy that do not have any greenhouse effect and can be used for different peaceful applications, such as power generation, the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the field of medicine, to improve the productivity of food crops and soil fertility in agriculture and for food preservation. To find and assess the water resources on the earth, nuclear power serves as the source of energy for fresh water production. © 2006 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.