This paper deals with the application of alienation coefficients for the detection and classification of various faults on transmission lines. A Global Positioning System is used to synchronize sampling of current signals at both the ends of the transmission line. The alienation coefficients are obtained by comparing successive half cycles of absolute values of current samples at each end. At each end, Fault Index is calculated by adding alienation coefficients of local end and remote end. This Fault Index is compared with threshold to detect and classify the faults. The proposed algorithm has been tested successfully for various types of faults at different locations and different fault incidence angles. This scheme proved to be successful in discriminating non-fault transients from fault transients, also. © 2015 IEEE.